TY - JOUR
T1 - Lung cancer and cigarette smoking in Europe
T2 - An update of risk estimates and an assessment of inter-country heterogeneity
AU - Simonato, Lorenzo
AU - Agudo, Antonio
AU - Ahrens, Wolfgang
AU - Benhamou, Ellen
AU - Benhamou, Simone
AU - Boffetta, Paolo
AU - Brennan, Paul
AU - Darby, Sarah C.
AU - Forastiere, Francesco
AU - Fortes, Cristina
AU - Gaborieau, Valérie
AU - Gerken, Michael
AU - Gonzales, Carlos A.
AU - Jöckel, Karl Heinz
AU - Kreuzer, Michaela
AU - Merletti, Franco
AU - Nyberg, Fredrik
AU - Pershagen, Göran
AU - Pohlabeln, Hermann
AU - Rösch, Franz
AU - Whitley, Elise
AU - Wichmann, Heinz Erich
AU - Zambon, Paola
PY - 2001/3/15
Y1 - 2001/3/15
N2 - Ten case-control studies have been carried out in 6 European countries to investigate the major risk factors for lung cancer. Carcinogenic effect from cigarette smoke was the most relevant interest in our study, which has included 7,609 cases of lung cancer and 10,431 controls, mainly population based. The results indicate elevated odds ratios (ORs; 23.9 among men and 8.7 among women) with attributable risks exceeding 90% for men and close to 60% for women. A large, and statistically significant, variability of the results across countries was detected after adjusting for the most common confounding variables, and after controlling, at least in part, for the instability of the ORs due to the small number of non-smokers in some of the study subsets. This pattern of lung cancer risk associated with cigarettes smoke, across different European regions, reflects inherent characteristics of the studies as well as differences in smoking habits, particularly calender periods of starting, and it is likely to have been influenced by effect modifiers like indoor radon exposure, occupation, air pollution and dietary habits.
AB - Ten case-control studies have been carried out in 6 European countries to investigate the major risk factors for lung cancer. Carcinogenic effect from cigarette smoke was the most relevant interest in our study, which has included 7,609 cases of lung cancer and 10,431 controls, mainly population based. The results indicate elevated odds ratios (ORs; 23.9 among men and 8.7 among women) with attributable risks exceeding 90% for men and close to 60% for women. A large, and statistically significant, variability of the results across countries was detected after adjusting for the most common confounding variables, and after controlling, at least in part, for the instability of the ORs due to the small number of non-smokers in some of the study subsets. This pattern of lung cancer risk associated with cigarettes smoke, across different European regions, reflects inherent characteristics of the studies as well as differences in smoking habits, particularly calender periods of starting, and it is likely to have been influenced by effect modifiers like indoor radon exposure, occupation, air pollution and dietary habits.
KW - Case-control study
KW - Cigarette smoke
KW - Lung cancer
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U2 - 10.1002/1097-0215(200102)9999:9999<::AID-IJC1139>3.0.CO;2-7
DO - 10.1002/1097-0215(200102)9999:9999<::AID-IJC1139>3.0.CO;2-7
M3 - Article
C2 - 11275995
AN - SCOPUS:0035869655
VL - 91
SP - 876
EP - 887
JO - International Journal of Cancer
JF - International Journal of Cancer
SN - 0020-7136
IS - 6
ER -