Abstract
Purpose of Review: The maintenance of a functional hematopoietic niche is critical for modulating the fate of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Several enzymes were described as essential for guaranteeing niche functionality. This review summarizes the recent findings about the role of galactocerebrosidase and other enzymes involved in the maintenance of a functional HSC niche. Recent Findings: The essential role of enzymes actively involved in the maintenance of the bone marrow microenvironment, in bone remodeling, in regulating the sympathetic innervation of the niche, and in the production and relative balance of sphingolipids active in the niche has been recently highlighted. Enzymes involved in bone remodeling modify the cell-to-cell interaction between osteoblasts and HSCs. Heparanase, neutrophil elastase, and alpha-iduronidase affect the bioavailability of key cytokines and ligands within the extracellular matrix of the niche. Moreover, galactosyltransferase and galactocerebrosidase affect the function of the sympathetic nervous system and/or the balance of bioactive sphingolipids, thus influencing the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis and the proliferation of HSCs. SUMMARY: Here, we discuss the role of different enzymes directly or indirectly influencing the niche microenvironment, and we provide a comprehensive picture of their cooperative role, together with receptors, soluble factors, and the extracellular matrix, in maintaining a functional hematopoietic niche.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 214-219 |
| Number of pages | 6 |
| Journal | Current Opinion in Hematology |
| Volume | 18 |
| Issue number | 4 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Jul 2011 |
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Keywords
- enzymes
- hematopoietic stem cells
- niche
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Hematology
Cite this
Maintenance of a functional hematopoietic stem cell niche through galactocerebrosidase and other enzymes. / Visigalli, Ilaria; Biffi, Alessandra.
In: Current Opinion in Hematology, Vol. 18, No. 4, 07.2011, p. 214-219.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Maintenance of a functional hematopoietic stem cell niche through galactocerebrosidase and other enzymes
AU - Visigalli, Ilaria
AU - Biffi, Alessandra
PY - 2011/7
Y1 - 2011/7
N2 - Purpose of Review: The maintenance of a functional hematopoietic niche is critical for modulating the fate of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Several enzymes were described as essential for guaranteeing niche functionality. This review summarizes the recent findings about the role of galactocerebrosidase and other enzymes involved in the maintenance of a functional HSC niche. Recent Findings: The essential role of enzymes actively involved in the maintenance of the bone marrow microenvironment, in bone remodeling, in regulating the sympathetic innervation of the niche, and in the production and relative balance of sphingolipids active in the niche has been recently highlighted. Enzymes involved in bone remodeling modify the cell-to-cell interaction between osteoblasts and HSCs. Heparanase, neutrophil elastase, and alpha-iduronidase affect the bioavailability of key cytokines and ligands within the extracellular matrix of the niche. Moreover, galactosyltransferase and galactocerebrosidase affect the function of the sympathetic nervous system and/or the balance of bioactive sphingolipids, thus influencing the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis and the proliferation of HSCs. SUMMARY: Here, we discuss the role of different enzymes directly or indirectly influencing the niche microenvironment, and we provide a comprehensive picture of their cooperative role, together with receptors, soluble factors, and the extracellular matrix, in maintaining a functional hematopoietic niche.
AB - Purpose of Review: The maintenance of a functional hematopoietic niche is critical for modulating the fate of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Several enzymes were described as essential for guaranteeing niche functionality. This review summarizes the recent findings about the role of galactocerebrosidase and other enzymes involved in the maintenance of a functional HSC niche. Recent Findings: The essential role of enzymes actively involved in the maintenance of the bone marrow microenvironment, in bone remodeling, in regulating the sympathetic innervation of the niche, and in the production and relative balance of sphingolipids active in the niche has been recently highlighted. Enzymes involved in bone remodeling modify the cell-to-cell interaction between osteoblasts and HSCs. Heparanase, neutrophil elastase, and alpha-iduronidase affect the bioavailability of key cytokines and ligands within the extracellular matrix of the niche. Moreover, galactosyltransferase and galactocerebrosidase affect the function of the sympathetic nervous system and/or the balance of bioactive sphingolipids, thus influencing the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis and the proliferation of HSCs. SUMMARY: Here, we discuss the role of different enzymes directly or indirectly influencing the niche microenvironment, and we provide a comprehensive picture of their cooperative role, together with receptors, soluble factors, and the extracellular matrix, in maintaining a functional hematopoietic niche.
KW - enzymes
KW - hematopoietic stem cells
KW - niche
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=79958807236&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1097/MOH.0b013e3283477979
DO - 10.1097/MOH.0b013e3283477979
M3 - Article
C2 - 21537167
AN - SCOPUS:79958807236
VL - 18
SP - 214
EP - 219
JO - Current Opinion in Hematology
JF - Current Opinion in Hematology
SN - 1065-6251
IS - 4
ER -