TY - JOUR
T1 - Mait cells and microbiota in multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases
AU - Mechelli, Rosella
AU - Romano, Silvia
AU - Romano, Carmela
AU - Morena, Emanuele
AU - Buscarinu, Maria Chiara
AU - Bigi, Rachele
AU - Bellucci, Gianmarco
AU - Reniè, Roberta
AU - Pellicciari, Giulia
AU - Salvetti, Marco
AU - Ristori, Giovanni
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021/6
Y1 - 2021/6
N2 - The functions of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in homeostatic conditions include the interaction with the microbiota and its products, the protection of body barriers, and the mounting of a tissue-repair response to injuries or infections. Dysfunction of MAIT cells and dysbiosis occur in common chronic diseases of inflammatory, metabolic, and tumor nature. This review is aimed at analyzing the changes of MAIT cells, as well as of the microbiota, in multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune disorders. Common features of dysbiosis in these conditions are the reduced richness of microbial species and the unbalance between pro-inflammatory and immune regulatory components of the gut microbiota. The literature concerning MAIT cells in these disorders is rather complex, and sometimes not consistent. In multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune conditions, several studies have been done, or are in progress, to find correlations between intestinal permeability, dysbiosis, MAIT cell responses, and clinical biomarkers in treated and treatment-naïve patients. The final aims are to explain what activates MAIT cells in diseases not primarily infective, which interactions with the microbiota are potentially pathogenic, and their dynamics related to disease course and disease-modifying treatments.
AB - The functions of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in homeostatic conditions include the interaction with the microbiota and its products, the protection of body barriers, and the mounting of a tissue-repair response to injuries or infections. Dysfunction of MAIT cells and dysbiosis occur in common chronic diseases of inflammatory, metabolic, and tumor nature. This review is aimed at analyzing the changes of MAIT cells, as well as of the microbiota, in multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune disorders. Common features of dysbiosis in these conditions are the reduced richness of microbial species and the unbalance between pro-inflammatory and immune regulatory components of the gut microbiota. The literature concerning MAIT cells in these disorders is rather complex, and sometimes not consistent. In multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune conditions, several studies have been done, or are in progress, to find correlations between intestinal permeability, dysbiosis, MAIT cell responses, and clinical biomarkers in treated and treatment-naïve patients. The final aims are to explain what activates MAIT cells in diseases not primarily infective, which interactions with the microbiota are potentially pathogenic, and their dynamics related to disease course and disease-modifying treatments.
KW - Autoimmune disease
KW - Inflammatory arthritis
KW - Inflammatory bowel diseases
KW - Microbiota
KW - Mucosal-associated invariant T Cells
KW - Multiple sclerosis
KW - Systemic lupus erythematosus
KW - Type 1 diabetes
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85106275813&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85106275813&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/microorganisms9061132
DO - 10.3390/microorganisms9061132
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85106275813
VL - 9
JO - Microorganisms
JF - Microorganisms
SN - 2076-2607
IS - 6
M1 - 1132
ER -