TY - JOUR
T1 - Malnutrition, anorexia and cachexia in cancer patients
T2 - A mini-review on pathogenesis and treatment
AU - Nicolini, Andrea
AU - Ferrari, Paola
AU - Masoni, Maria Chiara
AU - Fini, Milena
AU - Pagani, Stefania
AU - Giampietro, Ottavio
AU - Carpi, Angelo
PY - 2013/10
Y1 - 2013/10
N2 - Malnutrition, anorexia and cachexia are a common finding in cancer patients. They become more evident with tumor growth and spread. However, the mechanisms by which they are sustained often arise early in the history of cancer. For malnutrition, these mechanisms can involve primary tumor or damage by specific treatment such as anticancer therapies (surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy) also in cancers that usually are not directly responsible for nutritional and metabolic status alterations (i.e. bone tumors). For anorexia, meal-related neural or hormonal signals and humoral signals related to body fat or energy storage and the interaction of these signals with the hypothalamus or the hypothalamic inappropriate response play a pathogenetic role. Some cytokines are probably involved in these mechanisms. For cachexia, the production of proinflammatory cytokines by tumour cells is the initial mechanism; the main biochemical mechanisms involved include the ubiquitine proteasome-dependent proteolysis and heat shock proteins. Treatment includes pharmaceutical and nutritional interventions.
AB - Malnutrition, anorexia and cachexia are a common finding in cancer patients. They become more evident with tumor growth and spread. However, the mechanisms by which they are sustained often arise early in the history of cancer. For malnutrition, these mechanisms can involve primary tumor or damage by specific treatment such as anticancer therapies (surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy) also in cancers that usually are not directly responsible for nutritional and metabolic status alterations (i.e. bone tumors). For anorexia, meal-related neural or hormonal signals and humoral signals related to body fat or energy storage and the interaction of these signals with the hypothalamus or the hypothalamic inappropriate response play a pathogenetic role. Some cytokines are probably involved in these mechanisms. For cachexia, the production of proinflammatory cytokines by tumour cells is the initial mechanism; the main biochemical mechanisms involved include the ubiquitine proteasome-dependent proteolysis and heat shock proteins. Treatment includes pharmaceutical and nutritional interventions.
KW - Anorexia
KW - Cachexia
KW - Cancer
KW - Malnutrition
KW - Treatment
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84887618644&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84887618644&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.biopha.2013.08.005
DO - 10.1016/j.biopha.2013.08.005
M3 - Article
C2 - 24035652
AN - SCOPUS:84887618644
VL - 67
SP - 807
EP - 817
JO - Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy
JF - Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy
SN - 0753-3322
IS - 8
ER -