TY - JOUR
T1 - Mechanisms responsible for sympathetic activation by cigarette smoking in humans
AU - Grassi, Guido
AU - Seravalle, Gino
AU - Calhoun, David A.
AU - Bolla, Gianni B.
AU - Giannattasio, Cristina
AU - Marabini, Monica
AU - Del Bo, Alberto
AU - Mancia, Giuseppe
PY - 1994/7
Y1 - 1994/7
N2 - Background: The pressor and tachycardic effects of cigarette smoking are associated with an increase in plasma catecholamines, suggesting the dependence of these effects on adrenergic stimulation. Whether the stimulation occurs at a central or a peripheral level and whether reflex mechanisms are involved is unknown. Methods and Results: In nine normotensive healthy subjects (age, 33.0±3.5 years, mean±SEM), we measured blood pressure (Finapres device), heart rate (ECG), calf blood flow and vascular resistance (venous occlusion plethysmography), plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine (high-performance liquid chromatography assay), and postganglionic muscle sympathetic nerve activity (microneurography from the peroneal nerve) while subjects were smoking a filter cigarette (nicotine content, 1.1 mg) or were in control condition. Cigarette smoking (which raised plasma nicotine measured by high-performance liquid chromatography from 1.0±0.9 to 44.2±7.1 ng/mL) markedly and significantly increased mean arterial pressure (+13.2±2.3%), heart rate (+30.3±4.7%), calf vascular resistance (+12.1±4.9%), plasma norepinephrine (+34.8±7.0%), and plasma epinephrine (+90.5±39.0%). In contrast, muscle sympathetic nerve activity showed a marked reduction (integrated activity -31.8±5.1%, P
AB - Background: The pressor and tachycardic effects of cigarette smoking are associated with an increase in plasma catecholamines, suggesting the dependence of these effects on adrenergic stimulation. Whether the stimulation occurs at a central or a peripheral level and whether reflex mechanisms are involved is unknown. Methods and Results: In nine normotensive healthy subjects (age, 33.0±3.5 years, mean±SEM), we measured blood pressure (Finapres device), heart rate (ECG), calf blood flow and vascular resistance (venous occlusion plethysmography), plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine (high-performance liquid chromatography assay), and postganglionic muscle sympathetic nerve activity (microneurography from the peroneal nerve) while subjects were smoking a filter cigarette (nicotine content, 1.1 mg) or were in control condition. Cigarette smoking (which raised plasma nicotine measured by high-performance liquid chromatography from 1.0±0.9 to 44.2±7.1 ng/mL) markedly and significantly increased mean arterial pressure (+13.2±2.3%), heart rate (+30.3±4.7%), calf vascular resistance (+12.1±4.9%), plasma norepinephrine (+34.8±7.0%), and plasma epinephrine (+90.5±39.0%). In contrast, muscle sympathetic nerve activity showed a marked reduction (integrated activity -31.8±5.1%, P
KW - baroreflex
KW - blood pressure
KW - nervous system
KW - smoking
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M3 - Article
C2 - 8026005
AN - SCOPUS:0028301131
VL - 90
SP - 248
EP - 253
JO - Circulation
JF - Circulation
SN - 0009-7322
IS - 1
ER -