TY - JOUR
T1 - Metabotropic glutamate receptors in glial cells
AU - D'Antoni, Simona
AU - Berretta, Antonio
AU - Bonaccorso, Carmela Maria
AU - Bruno, Valeria
AU - Aronica, Eleonora
AU - Nicoletti, Ferdinando
AU - Catania, Maria Vincenza
PY - 2008/12
Y1 - 2008/12
N2 - Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) and exerts its actions via a number of ionotropic glutamate receptors/channels and metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors. In addition to being expressed in neurons, glutamate receptors are expressed in different types of glial cells including astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia. Astrocytes are now recognized as dynamic signaling elements actively integrating neuronal inputs. Synaptic activity can evoke calcium signals in astrocytes, resulting in the release of gliotransmitters, such as glutamate, ATP, and d-serine, which in turn modulate neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission. In addition, astrocytes, and microglia may play an important role in pathology such as brain trauma and neurodegeneration, limiting or amplifying the pathologic process leading to neuronal death. The present review will focus on recent advances on the role of mGlu receptors expressed in glial cells under physiologic and pathologic conditions.
AB - Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) and exerts its actions via a number of ionotropic glutamate receptors/channels and metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors. In addition to being expressed in neurons, glutamate receptors are expressed in different types of glial cells including astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia. Astrocytes are now recognized as dynamic signaling elements actively integrating neuronal inputs. Synaptic activity can evoke calcium signals in astrocytes, resulting in the release of gliotransmitters, such as glutamate, ATP, and d-serine, which in turn modulate neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission. In addition, astrocytes, and microglia may play an important role in pathology such as brain trauma and neurodegeneration, limiting or amplifying the pathologic process leading to neuronal death. The present review will focus on recent advances on the role of mGlu receptors expressed in glial cells under physiologic and pathologic conditions.
KW - Astrocytes
KW - Glioma
KW - Gliosis
KW - Gliotransmitter
KW - Metabotropic glutamate receptors
KW - Neurodegeneration
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U2 - 10.1007/s11064-008-9694-9
DO - 10.1007/s11064-008-9694-9
M3 - Article
C2 - 18438710
AN - SCOPUS:56349161503
VL - 33
SP - 2436
EP - 2443
JO - Neurochemical Research
JF - Neurochemical Research
SN - 0364-3190
IS - 12
ER -