TY - JOUR
T1 - Micronutrient deficiencies in patients with chronic atrophic autoimmune gastritis
T2 - A review
AU - Cavalcoli, Federica
AU - Zilli, Alessandra
AU - Conte, Dario
AU - Massironi, Sara
PY - 2017/1/28
Y1 - 2017/1/28
N2 - Chronic atrophic autoimmune gastritis (CAAG) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease characterized by an immune response, which is directed towards the parietal cells and intrinsic factor of the gastric body and fundus and leads to hypochlorhydria, hypergastrinemia and inadequate production of the intrinsic factor. As a result, the stomach's secretion of essential substances, such as hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor, is reduced, leading to digestive impairments. The most common is Vitamin B12 deficiency, which results in a megaloblastic anemia and iron malabsorption, leading to iron deficiency anemia. However, in the last years the deficiency of several other vitamins and micronutrients, such as Vitamin C, Vitamin D, folic acid and calcium, has been increasingly described in patients with CAAG. In addition the occurrence of multiple Vitamin Deficiencies may lead to severe hematological, neurological and skeletal manifestations in CAAG patients and highlights the importance of an integrated evaluation of these patients. Nevertheless, the nutritional deficiencies in CAAG are largely understudied. We have investigated the frequency and associated features of nutritional deficiencies in CAAG in order to focus on any deficit that may be clinically significant, but relatively easy to correct. This descriptive review updates and summarizes the literature on different nutrient deficiencies in CAAG in order to optimize the treatment and the follow-up of patients affected with CAAG.
AB - Chronic atrophic autoimmune gastritis (CAAG) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease characterized by an immune response, which is directed towards the parietal cells and intrinsic factor of the gastric body and fundus and leads to hypochlorhydria, hypergastrinemia and inadequate production of the intrinsic factor. As a result, the stomach's secretion of essential substances, such as hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor, is reduced, leading to digestive impairments. The most common is Vitamin B12 deficiency, which results in a megaloblastic anemia and iron malabsorption, leading to iron deficiency anemia. However, in the last years the deficiency of several other vitamins and micronutrients, such as Vitamin C, Vitamin D, folic acid and calcium, has been increasingly described in patients with CAAG. In addition the occurrence of multiple Vitamin Deficiencies may lead to severe hematological, neurological and skeletal manifestations in CAAG patients and highlights the importance of an integrated evaluation of these patients. Nevertheless, the nutritional deficiencies in CAAG are largely understudied. We have investigated the frequency and associated features of nutritional deficiencies in CAAG in order to focus on any deficit that may be clinically significant, but relatively easy to correct. This descriptive review updates and summarizes the literature on different nutrient deficiencies in CAAG in order to optimize the treatment and the follow-up of patients affected with CAAG.
KW - Calcium
KW - Chronic atrophic autoimmune gastritis
KW - Iron
KW - Malabsorption
KW - Nutritional deficiency
KW - Vitamin B12
KW - Vitamin C
KW - Vitamin D
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U2 - 10.3748/wjg.v23.i4.563
DO - 10.3748/wjg.v23.i4.563
M3 - Review article
C2 - 28216963
AN - SCOPUS:85010875165
VL - 23
SP - 563
EP - 572
JO - World Journal of Gastroenterology
JF - World Journal of Gastroenterology
SN - 1007-9327
IS - 4
ER -