TY - JOUR
T1 - Microtopography of Immune Cells in Osteoporosis and Bone Lesions by Endocrine Disruptors
AU - Toni, Roberto
AU - Di Conza, Giusy
AU - Barbaro, Fulvio
AU - Zini, Nicoletta
AU - Consolini, Elia
AU - Dallatana, Davide
AU - Antoniel, Manuela
AU - Quarantini, Enrico
AU - Quarantini, Marco
AU - Maioli, Sara
AU - Bruni, Celeste Angela
AU - Elviri, Lisa
AU - Panseri, Silvia
AU - Sprio, Simone
AU - Sandri, Monica
AU - Tampieri, Anna
N1 - Copyright © 2020 Toni, Di Conza, Barbaro, Zini, Consolini, Dallatana, Antoniel, Quarantini, Quarantini, Maioli, Bruni, Elviri, Panseri, Sprio, Sandri and Tampieri.
PY - 2020/9/2
Y1 - 2020/9/2
N2 - Osteoporosis stems from an unbalance between bone mineral resorption and deposition. Among the numerous cellular players responsible for this unbalance bone marrow (BM) monocytes/macrophages, mast cells, T and B lymphocytes, and dendritic cells play a key role in regulating osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and their progenitor cells through interactions occurring in the context of the different bone compartments (cancellous and cortical). Therefore, the microtopography of immune cells inside trabecular and compact bone is expected to play a relevant role in setting initial sites of osteoporotic lesion. Indeed, in physiological conditions, each immune cell type preferentially occupies either endosteal, subendosteal, central, and/or perisinusoidal regions of the BM. However, in the presence of an activation, immune cells recirculate throughout these different microanatomical areas giving rise to a specific distribution. As a result, the trabeculae of the cancellous bone and endosteal free edge of the diaphyseal case emerge as the primary anatomical targets of their osteoporotic action. Immune cells may also transit from the BM to the depth of the compact bone, thanks to the efferent venous capillaries coursing in the Haversian and Volkmann canals. Consistently, the innermost parts of the osteons and the periosteum are later involved by their immunomodulatory action, becoming another site of mineral reabsorption in the course of an osteoporotic insult. The novelty of our updating is to highlight the microtopography of bone immune cells in the cancellous and cortical compartments in relation to the most consistent data on their action in bone remodeling, to offer a mechanist perspective useful to dissect their role in the osteoporotic process, including bone damage derived from the immunomodulatory effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals.
AB - Osteoporosis stems from an unbalance between bone mineral resorption and deposition. Among the numerous cellular players responsible for this unbalance bone marrow (BM) monocytes/macrophages, mast cells, T and B lymphocytes, and dendritic cells play a key role in regulating osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and their progenitor cells through interactions occurring in the context of the different bone compartments (cancellous and cortical). Therefore, the microtopography of immune cells inside trabecular and compact bone is expected to play a relevant role in setting initial sites of osteoporotic lesion. Indeed, in physiological conditions, each immune cell type preferentially occupies either endosteal, subendosteal, central, and/or perisinusoidal regions of the BM. However, in the presence of an activation, immune cells recirculate throughout these different microanatomical areas giving rise to a specific distribution. As a result, the trabeculae of the cancellous bone and endosteal free edge of the diaphyseal case emerge as the primary anatomical targets of their osteoporotic action. Immune cells may also transit from the BM to the depth of the compact bone, thanks to the efferent venous capillaries coursing in the Haversian and Volkmann canals. Consistently, the innermost parts of the osteons and the periosteum are later involved by their immunomodulatory action, becoming another site of mineral reabsorption in the course of an osteoporotic insult. The novelty of our updating is to highlight the microtopography of bone immune cells in the cancellous and cortical compartments in relation to the most consistent data on their action in bone remodeling, to offer a mechanist perspective useful to dissect their role in the osteoporotic process, including bone damage derived from the immunomodulatory effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals.
KW - osteoporosis
KW - organoid
KW - immunomodulation
KW - bone remodeling
KW - endocrine disrupting chemical
KW - immunobiology
U2 - 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01737
DO - 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01737
M3 - Review article
C2 - 33013826
VL - 11
SP - 1
EP - 9
JO - Front. Immunol.
JF - Front. Immunol.
SN - 1664-3224
ER -