TY - JOUR
T1 - Myeloid extracellular vesicles
T2 - Messengers from the Demented Brain
AU - Nigro, Annamaria
AU - Colombo, Federico
AU - Casella, Giacomo
AU - Finardi, Annamaria
AU - Verderio, Claudia
AU - Furlan, Roberto
PY - 2016
Y1 - 2016
N2 - Blood-borne monocyte derived cells play a pivotal, initially unrecognized, role in most central nervous system disorders, including diseases initially classified as purely neurodegenerative (i.e., Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and ALS). Their trafficking to the brain and spinal cord has been extensively studied in classical neuroinflammatory disorders such as multiple sclerosis. Central nervous system resident myeloid cells, namely microglia and perivascular macrophages, also are in the spotlight of investigations on neurological disorders. Myeloid cells, such as infiltrating macrophages and microglia, have been described as having both protective and destructive features in neurological disorders, thus identification of their functional phenotype during disease evolution would be of paramount importance. Extracellular vesicles, namely exosomes and shed vesicles, are released by virtually any cell type and can be detected and identified in terms of cell origin in biological fluids. They therefore constitute an ideal tool to access information on cells residing in an inaccessible site such as the brain. We will review here available information on extracellular vesicles detection in neurological disorders with special emphasis on neurodegenerative diseases.
AB - Blood-borne monocyte derived cells play a pivotal, initially unrecognized, role in most central nervous system disorders, including diseases initially classified as purely neurodegenerative (i.e., Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and ALS). Their trafficking to the brain and spinal cord has been extensively studied in classical neuroinflammatory disorders such as multiple sclerosis. Central nervous system resident myeloid cells, namely microglia and perivascular macrophages, also are in the spotlight of investigations on neurological disorders. Myeloid cells, such as infiltrating macrophages and microglia, have been described as having both protective and destructive features in neurological disorders, thus identification of their functional phenotype during disease evolution would be of paramount importance. Extracellular vesicles, namely exosomes and shed vesicles, are released by virtually any cell type and can be detected and identified in terms of cell origin in biological fluids. They therefore constitute an ideal tool to access information on cells residing in an inaccessible site such as the brain. We will review here available information on extracellular vesicles detection in neurological disorders with special emphasis on neurodegenerative diseases.
KW - Alzheimer disease
KW - Extracellular vesicles
KW - Multiple sclerosis
KW - Neurodegeneration
KW - Neuroinflammation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84958169543&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84958169543&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00017
DO - 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00017
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84958169543
VL - 7
JO - Frontiers in Immunology
JF - Frontiers in Immunology
SN - 1664-3224
IS - JAN
M1 - 17
ER -