TY - JOUR
T1 - Neurodevelopmental versus neurodegenerative model of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
T2 - Comparison with physiological brain development and aging
AU - Buoli, Massimiliano
AU - Serati, Marta
AU - Caldiroli, Alice
AU - Cremaschi, Laura
AU - Altamura, Alfredo Carlo
PY - 2017
Y1 - 2017
N2 - Available data support a contribution of both neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative factors in the etiology of schizophrenia (SCH) and bipolar disorder (BD). Of note, one of the most important issue of the current psychiatric research is to identify the specific factors that contribute to impaired brain development and neurodegeneration in SCH and BD, and especially how these factors alter normal brain development and physiological aging process. Our hypothesis is that only specific damages, taking place in precise brain development stages, are associated with future SCH /BD onset and that neurodegeneration consists of an acceleration of brain aging after SCH /BD onset. In support of our hypothesis, the results of the present narrative mini-review shows as neurodevelopmental damages generally contribute to neuropsychiatric syndromes (e.g. hypothyroidism or treponema pallidum), but only some of them are specifically associated with adult SCH and BD (e.g. toxoplasma or substance abuse), particularly if they happen in specific stages of brain development. On the other hand, cognitive impairment and brain changes, associated with long duration of SCH /BD, look like what happens during aging: memory, executive domains and prefrontal cortex are implicated both in aging and in SCH /BD progression. Future research will explore possible validity of this etiological model for SCH and BD.
AB - Available data support a contribution of both neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative factors in the etiology of schizophrenia (SCH) and bipolar disorder (BD). Of note, one of the most important issue of the current psychiatric research is to identify the specific factors that contribute to impaired brain development and neurodegeneration in SCH and BD, and especially how these factors alter normal brain development and physiological aging process. Our hypothesis is that only specific damages, taking place in precise brain development stages, are associated with future SCH /BD onset and that neurodegeneration consists of an acceleration of brain aging after SCH /BD onset. In support of our hypothesis, the results of the present narrative mini-review shows as neurodevelopmental damages generally contribute to neuropsychiatric syndromes (e.g. hypothyroidism or treponema pallidum), but only some of them are specifically associated with adult SCH and BD (e.g. toxoplasma or substance abuse), particularly if they happen in specific stages of brain development. On the other hand, cognitive impairment and brain changes, associated with long duration of SCH /BD, look like what happens during aging: memory, executive domains and prefrontal cortex are implicated both in aging and in SCH /BD progression. Future research will explore possible validity of this etiological model for SCH and BD.
KW - Aging
KW - Bipolar disorder (BD)
KW - Neurodegeneration
KW - Neurodevelopment
KW - Schizophrenia (SCH)
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85017182206&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85017182206&partnerID=8YFLogxK
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85017182206
VL - 29
SP - 24
EP - 27
JO - Psychiatria Danubina
JF - Psychiatria Danubina
SN - 0353-5053
IS - 1
ER -