Abstract
The aim of this paper was to review the neuroimaging literature on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with a focus on structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. We surveyed in particular studies of structural voxel based morphometry MRI and diffusion tensor imaging, as well as of task-based functional and resting state MRI. The overall evidence points to dysfunctions in frontoparietal, striatal, thalamic, and cerebellar networks in ADHD, but also to dysfunctional interactions among the default network and top-down regulatory networks, and visual and sensorimotor cortex.Therefore, the classic model of ADHD pathophysiology focused on fronto-striatal circuits should be expanded to include a broader set of dysfunctional interactions within and among brain networks. Available neuroimaging studies also show that ADHD pharmacological treatments and, possibly, non-pharmacological approaches, tend to normalize structural and functional brain abnormalities. To date, results from neuroimaging studies do not have a direct application in the day-to-day clinical practice at the single patient level; however, it is hoped that the introduction of machine learning techniques, in particular support vector machine, may contribute to the use of neuroimaging in the clinical practice in terms of prediction of diagnosis for challenging cases and, perhaps more importantly, prediction of outcome and response to treatment.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 267-279 |
| Number of pages | 13 |
| Journal | Minerva Psichiatrica |
| Volume | 54 |
| Issue number | 4 |
| Publication status | Published - 2013 |
Fingerprint
Keywords
- Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity
- Magnetic resonance imaging
- Neuroimaging
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Psychiatry and Mental health
Cite this
Neuroimaging of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. / Cortese, S.; Angriman, M.
In: Minerva Psichiatrica, Vol. 54, No. 4, 2013, p. 267-279.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Neuroimaging of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
AU - Cortese, S.
AU - Angriman, M.
PY - 2013
Y1 - 2013
N2 - The aim of this paper was to review the neuroimaging literature on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with a focus on structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. We surveyed in particular studies of structural voxel based morphometry MRI and diffusion tensor imaging, as well as of task-based functional and resting state MRI. The overall evidence points to dysfunctions in frontoparietal, striatal, thalamic, and cerebellar networks in ADHD, but also to dysfunctional interactions among the default network and top-down regulatory networks, and visual and sensorimotor cortex.Therefore, the classic model of ADHD pathophysiology focused on fronto-striatal circuits should be expanded to include a broader set of dysfunctional interactions within and among brain networks. Available neuroimaging studies also show that ADHD pharmacological treatments and, possibly, non-pharmacological approaches, tend to normalize structural and functional brain abnormalities. To date, results from neuroimaging studies do not have a direct application in the day-to-day clinical practice at the single patient level; however, it is hoped that the introduction of machine learning techniques, in particular support vector machine, may contribute to the use of neuroimaging in the clinical practice in terms of prediction of diagnosis for challenging cases and, perhaps more importantly, prediction of outcome and response to treatment.
AB - The aim of this paper was to review the neuroimaging literature on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with a focus on structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. We surveyed in particular studies of structural voxel based morphometry MRI and diffusion tensor imaging, as well as of task-based functional and resting state MRI. The overall evidence points to dysfunctions in frontoparietal, striatal, thalamic, and cerebellar networks in ADHD, but also to dysfunctional interactions among the default network and top-down regulatory networks, and visual and sensorimotor cortex.Therefore, the classic model of ADHD pathophysiology focused on fronto-striatal circuits should be expanded to include a broader set of dysfunctional interactions within and among brain networks. Available neuroimaging studies also show that ADHD pharmacological treatments and, possibly, non-pharmacological approaches, tend to normalize structural and functional brain abnormalities. To date, results from neuroimaging studies do not have a direct application in the day-to-day clinical practice at the single patient level; however, it is hoped that the introduction of machine learning techniques, in particular support vector machine, may contribute to the use of neuroimaging in the clinical practice in terms of prediction of diagnosis for challenging cases and, perhaps more importantly, prediction of outcome and response to treatment.
KW - Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity
KW - Magnetic resonance imaging
KW - Neuroimaging
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84895786477&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84895786477&partnerID=8YFLogxK
M3 - Article
VL - 54
SP - 267
EP - 279
JO - Minerva Psichiatrica e Psicologica
JF - Minerva Psichiatrica e Psicologica
SN - 0391-1772
IS - 4
ER -