TY - JOUR
T1 - NK cell-based immunotherapy in cancer metastasis
AU - Lorenzo-Herrero, Seila
AU - López-Soto, Alejandro
AU - Sordo-Bahamonde, Christian
AU - Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Ana P.
AU - Vitale, Massimo
AU - Gonzalez, Segundo
PY - 2019/1/1
Y1 - 2019/1/1
N2 - Metastasis represents the leading cause of cancer-related death mainly owing to the limited efficacy of current anticancer therapies on advanced malignancies. Although immunotherapy is rendering promising results in the treatment of cancer, many adverse events and factors hampering therapeutic efficacy, especially in solid tumors and metastases, still need to be solved. Moreover, immunotherapeutic strategies have mainly focused on modulating the activity of T cells, while Natural Killer (NK) cells have only recently been taken into consideration. NK cells represent an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy owing to their innate capacity to eliminate malignant tumors in a non-Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) and non-tumor antigen-restricted manner. In this review, we analyze the mechanisms and efficacy of NK cells in the control of metastasis and we detail the immunosubversive strategies developed by metastatic cells to evade NK cell-mediated immunosurveillance. We also share current and cutting-edge clinical approaches aimed at unleashing the full anti-metastatic potential of NK cells, including the adoptive transfer of NK cells, boosting of NK cell activity, redirecting NK cell activity against metastatic cells and the release of evasion mechanisms dampening NK cell immunosurveillance.
AB - Metastasis represents the leading cause of cancer-related death mainly owing to the limited efficacy of current anticancer therapies on advanced malignancies. Although immunotherapy is rendering promising results in the treatment of cancer, many adverse events and factors hampering therapeutic efficacy, especially in solid tumors and metastases, still need to be solved. Moreover, immunotherapeutic strategies have mainly focused on modulating the activity of T cells, while Natural Killer (NK) cells have only recently been taken into consideration. NK cells represent an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy owing to their innate capacity to eliminate malignant tumors in a non-Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) and non-tumor antigen-restricted manner. In this review, we analyze the mechanisms and efficacy of NK cells in the control of metastasis and we detail the immunosubversive strategies developed by metastatic cells to evade NK cell-mediated immunosurveillance. We also share current and cutting-edge clinical approaches aimed at unleashing the full anti-metastatic potential of NK cells, including the adoptive transfer of NK cells, boosting of NK cell activity, redirecting NK cell activity against metastatic cells and the release of evasion mechanisms dampening NK cell immunosurveillance.
KW - Adoptive transfer
KW - Antibodies
KW - Cancer
KW - Checkpoint
KW - Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)
KW - Cytokines
KW - Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)
KW - Metastasis
KW - Natural killer cell
KW - Therapy
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85061939326&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85061939326&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/cancers11010029
DO - 10.3390/cancers11010029
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85061939326
VL - 11
JO - Cancers
JF - Cancers
SN - 2072-6694
IS - 1
M1 - 29
ER -