TY - JOUR
T1 - Ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid
T2 - a review
AU - Taurone, Samanta
AU - Spoletini, Marialuisa
AU - Ralli, Massimo
AU - Gobbi, Pietro
AU - Artico, Marco
AU - Imre, Laszlò
AU - Czakò, Cecília
AU - Kovàcs, Illés
AU - Greco, Antonio
AU - Micera, Alessandra
PY - 2019/6/15
Y1 - 2019/6/15
N2 - Ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) is a rare, immuno-mediated chronic progressive condition of the conjunctiva characterized by blisters developing from sub-epithelial tissue through disruption of the adhesions between the conjunctival epithelium and the sub-epithelium. Patients with ocular MMP, in many cases, develop profound conjunctival scarring and visual impairment. Furthermore, ocular MMP may lead to a progressive secondary corneal vascularization and to corneal opacification. Ocular MMP is difficult to diagnose during the initial stages because of false negatives during biopsy and variability in the clinical presentation. Most of the current pharmacological treatments aim to control the inflammatory response to reduce the progressive tissue remodeling which leads to the formation of a fibrotic scar. The course and prognosis of ocular MMP depend on the severity and progression of the disease after systemic immunomodulatory therapy. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the current literature on established and emerging concepts in ocular MMP, with special attention to its clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and pathogenic mechanisms, including the role of some cytokines and growth factors in the development of the disease.
AB - Ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) is a rare, immuno-mediated chronic progressive condition of the conjunctiva characterized by blisters developing from sub-epithelial tissue through disruption of the adhesions between the conjunctival epithelium and the sub-epithelium. Patients with ocular MMP, in many cases, develop profound conjunctival scarring and visual impairment. Furthermore, ocular MMP may lead to a progressive secondary corneal vascularization and to corneal opacification. Ocular MMP is difficult to diagnose during the initial stages because of false negatives during biopsy and variability in the clinical presentation. Most of the current pharmacological treatments aim to control the inflammatory response to reduce the progressive tissue remodeling which leads to the formation of a fibrotic scar. The course and prognosis of ocular MMP depend on the severity and progression of the disease after systemic immunomodulatory therapy. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the current literature on established and emerging concepts in ocular MMP, with special attention to its clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and pathogenic mechanisms, including the role of some cytokines and growth factors in the development of the disease.
KW - Autoimmune disease
KW - Cytokines
KW - Fibrosis
KW - Growth factors
KW - Mucous membrane pemphigoid
KW - Ocular pemphigoid
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U2 - 10.1007/s12026-019-09087-7
DO - 10.1007/s12026-019-09087-7
M3 - Review article
C2 - 31327149
AN - SCOPUS:85069441615
VL - 67
SP - 280
EP - 289
JO - Immunologic Research
JF - Immunologic Research
SN - 0257-277X
IS - 2-3
ER -