Abstract
METHODS. At 4 and 8 days after alkali burn induced in the right eyes of mice, in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain was done before and after ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (USPIO) contrast to track macrophages. Trigeminal ganglia were stained for Prussian Blue and inflammatory cell markers. Interleukin-1β, TNF-α, and VEGF-A transcripts were quantified on days 1, 4, and 8, and 4 days after corneal topical antiinflammatory treatment with 0.2% dexamethasone. The expression of Substance P and its receptor NK-1R was also measured in the TG on day 4.
RESULTS. Corneal alkali burn induced leukocyte infiltration, including T cells, in the right TG at 4 and 8 days. In vivo MRI showed an increased contrast uptake in the right TG, which peaked at day 8. Prussian Blue+ USPIO+ macrophages were observed in the right TG and exhibited an M2 phenotype. The M2-macrophage infiltration was preponderant in the TG after damage. The proinflammatory cytokines Substance P and NK-1R were significantly increased in both the TGs. The expression of IL-1β and VEGF-A was significantly reduced in the right TG with dexamethasone treatment.
PURPOSE. To test whether a corneal injury can stimulate inflammation in the trigeminal ganglion (TG), a structure located in the brain.
CONCLUSIONS. We suggest, for the first time, inflammatory involvement of brain structures following ocular surface damage. Our findings support the hypothesis that the neuropeptide Substance P may be involved in the propagation of inflammation from the cornea to the TG through corneal nerves.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 6289-6300 |
Number of pages | 12 |
Journal | Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science |
Volume | 55 |
Issue number | 10 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2014 |
Keywords
- Cornea
- In vivo MRI
- Inflammation
- Macrophages
- Trigeminal ganglion
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Ophthalmology
- Sensory Systems
- Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
- Medicine(all)