Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Changes in Early Type 3 Neovascularization after Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Treatment

PURPOSE:: To investigate the morphologic changes on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) of treatment-naive Type 3 neovascularization secondary to exudative age-related macular degeneration after 1 year of anti–vascular endothelial growth factor therapy. METHODS:: Consecutive patients diagnosed with treatment-naive early-stage Type 3 neovascularization were enrolled in this retrospective study. All patients underwent color fundus photographs/MultiColor (Heidelberg Engineering) imaging, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, structural spectral domain OCT, and OCTA Optovue RTVue XR Avanti (Optovue) at baseline, and repeated OCTA and structural spectral domain OCT at Month 12. Qualitative analysis of the 3 × 3 OCTA examinations at baseline and Month 12 was then compared, to assess changes after anti–vascular endothelial growth factor therapy. RESULTS:: A total of 15 treatment-naive eyes of 15 consecutive patients were included in the analysis. At 12-month follow-up after pro-re-data anti–vascular endothelial growth factor therapy (5.75 ± 1.48 injections of ranibizumab, and injections of 6.33 ± 1.21 of aflibercept), OCTA demonstrated persistence of the deep capillary plexus abnormalities in 13/15 eyes. In the outer retina and choriocapillaris, the initial lesion became undetectable in 7/15 cases, accompanied by choriocapillaris atrophy. The abnormal vascular complex persisted in the form of a tuft-shaped lesion in the outer retinal segmentation in 9/15 eyes, which in the choriocapillaris segmentation was associated with sub–retinal pigment epithelium neovascularization in 8 cases. CONCLUSION:: Optical coherence tomography angiography showed that the tuft-shaped abnormal outer retinal lesion, frequently associated with a small clew-like flow signal in the choriocapillaris, after 1 year of anti–vascular endothelial growth factor therapy, either becomes undetectable or develops sub–retinal pigment epithelium neovascularization. © 2017 by Ophthalmic Communications Society, Inc.