Patterns in acute otitis media drug prescriptions: A survey of Italian pediatricians and otolaryngologists

Objective: To evaluate whether physicians follow current guidelines for managing acute otitis media (AOM) and whether educational programs are needed to improve knowledge of AOM treatment among paediatricians (PEDs) and otolaryngologists (ENTs) Methods: A total of 1270 PEDs and 852 ENTs were randomly selected and interviewed with an anonymous questionnaire about how they managed AOM. Results: Inappropriate AOM approaches were identified among 60.2% of PEDs and 88.5% of ENTs (p <0.001). Amoxicillin and amoxicillin with clavulanic acid were appropriately chosen as first-line drugs by the majority of PEDs and ENTs, although significantly more ENTs reported otherwise (15.8% PEDs vs 25.5% ENTs; p <0.001). ENTs were significantly more likely than PEDs to report prescribing decongestants, mucolytics, anti-inflammatory drugs, and steroids (p <0.001). Conclusion: These results show that AOM prescriptions for antibiotics and adjunctive treatments are often inappropriate and highlight the need for educational strategies aimed at PEDs and ENTs to improve their compliance with evidence-based guidelines for AOM treatment.