@article{c002503554aa44979550b2915336fc7b,
title = "Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine",
abstract = "Pharmacogenomics is one of the emerging approaches to precision medicine, tailoring drug selection and dosing to the patient{\textquoteright}s genetic features. In recent years, several pharmacogenetic guidelines have been published by international scientific consortia, but the uptake in clinical practice is still poor. Many coordinated international efforts are ongoing in order to overcome the existing barriers to pharmacogenomic implementation. On the other hand, existing validated pharmacogenomic markers can explain only a minor part of the observed clinical variability in the therapeutic outcome. New investigational approaches are warranted, including the study of the pharmacogenomic role of the immune system genetics and of previously neglected rare genetic variants, reported to account for a large part of the inter-individual variability in drug metabolism. In this Special Issue, we collected a series of articles covering many aspects of pharmacogenomics. These include clinical implementation of pharmacogenomics in clinical practice, development of tools or infrastractures to support this process, research of new pharmacogenomics markers to increase drug efficacy and safety, and the impact of rare genetic variants in pharmacogenomics. {\textcopyright} 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",
keywords = "Human genetics, Personalized medicine, Pharmacogenomics, Pharmacology, acenocoumarol, anthracycline, antineoplastic alkaloid, asparaginase, azathioprine, cisplatin, clopidogrel, cytarabine, glucocorticoid, irinotecan, mercaptopurine, methotrexate, platinum derivative, sorafenib, vincristine, warfarin, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, adjuvant therapy, Article, basal like breast cancer, clinical practice, drug efficacy, drug interaction, drug metabolism, drug safety, electronic health record, epigenetics, genetic polymorphism, genetic variability, genotype, high throughput sequencing, human, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive breast cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, microarray analysis, nephrotoxicity, neuropathy, ovary cancer, personalized medicine, pharmacogenomics, prescription",
author = "E. Cecchin and G. Stocco",
note = "Export Date: 18 February 2021 Correspondence Address: Cecchin, E.; Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Italy; email: ececchin@cro.it Correspondence Address: Stocco, G.; Department of Life Sciences, Italy; email: stoccog@units.it Chemicals/CAS: acenocoumarol, 152-72-7; asparaginase, 9015-68-3, 1349719-22-7; azathioprine, 446-86-6; cisplatin, 15663-27-1, 26035-31-4, 96081-74-2; clopidogrel, 113665-84-2, 120202-66-6, 90055-48-4, 94188-84-8; cytarabine, 147-94-4, 69-74-9; irinotecan, 100286-90-6; mercaptopurine, 31441-78-8, 50-44-2, 6112-76-1; methotrexate, 15475-56-6, 59-05-2, 7413-34-5; sorafenib, 284461-73-0; vincristine, 57-22-7; warfarin, 129-06-6, 2610-86-8, 3324-63-8, 5543-58-8, 81-81-2 References: Van Der Wouden, C.H., Bohringer, S., Cecchin, E., Cheung, K.-C., Davila-Fajardo, C.L., Deneer, V.H.M., Dolzan, V., O Karlsson, M., Generating evidence for precision medicine: Considerations made by the Ubiquitous Pharmacogenomics Consortium when designing and operationalizing the PREPARE study (2020) Pharmacogenet. Genom, , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Relling, M.V., Klein, T.E., Gammal, R.S., Whirl-Carrillo, M., Hoffman, J.M., Caudle, K.E., The Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium: 10 Years Later (2019) Clin. Pharmacol. Ther, 107, pp. 171-175. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Chenoweth, M.J., Giacomini, K.M., Pirmohamed, M., Hill, S.L., Van Schaik, R.H.N., Schwab, M., Shuldiner, A.R., Tyndale, R.F., Global Pharmacogenomics Within Precision Medicine: Challenges and Opportunities (2019) Clin. Pharmacol. Ther, 107, pp. 57-61. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Dugo, M., Devecchi, A., De Cecco, L., Cecchin, E., Mezzanzanica, D., Sensi, M., Bagnoli, M., Focal Recurrent Copy Number Alterations Characterize Disease Relapse in High Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Patients with Good Clinical Prognosis: A Pilot Study (2019) Genes, 10, p. 678. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Zazuli, Z., Otten, L.S., Drogemoller, B., Medeiros, M., Monzon, J.G., Wright, G.E.B., Kollmannsberger, C.K., Gelmon, K.A., Outcome Definition Influences the Relationship Between Genetic Polymorphisms of ERCC1, ERCC2, SLC22A2 and Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity in Adult Testicular Cancer Patients (2019) Genes, 10, p. 364. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Xu, Y., Lin, S., Zhao, H., Wang, J., Zhang, C., Dong, Q., Hu, C., Xu, Y., Quantifying Risk Pathway Crosstalk Mediated by miRNA to Screen Precision drugs for Breast Cancer Patients (2019) Genes, 10, p. 657. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Al-Eitan, L.N., Almasri, A.Y., Khasawneh, R.H., Impact of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 Polymorphisms on Warfarin Sensitivity and Responsiveness in Jordanian Cardiovascular Patients during the Initiation Therapy (2018) Genes, 9, p. 578. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Lucafo, M., Stocco, G., Martelossi, S., Favretto, D., Franca, R., Malusa, N., Lora, A., Cecchin, E., Azathioprine Biotransformation in Young Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Contribution of Glutathione-S Transferase M1 and A1 Variants (2019) Genes, 10, p. 277. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Bhise, N.S., Elsayed, A.H., Cao, X., Pounds, S., Lamba, J.K., MicroRNAs Mediated Regulation of Expression of Nucleoside Analog Pathway Genes in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2019) Genes, 10, p. 319. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Lunenburg, C., Henricks, L.M., Van Kuilenburg, A.B.P., Mathijssen, R.H.J., Schellens, J.H.M., Gelderblom, H., Guchelaar, H.-J., Swen, J.J., Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies for Fluoropyrimidine Treatment of Patients Carrying Multiple DPYD Variants (2018) Genes, 9, p. 585. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Roncato, R., Cin, L.D., Mezzalira, S., Comello, F., De Mattia, E., Bignucolo, A., Giollo, L., Emili, L., FARMAPRICE: A Pharmacogenetic Clinical Decision Support System for Precise and Cost-Effective Therapy (2019) Genes, 10, p. 276. , [CrossRef]; Van Der Wouden, C.H., Bank, P.C.D., Ozokcu, K., Swen, J.J., Guchelaar, H.-J., Pharmacist-Initiated Pre-Emptive Pharmacogenetic Panel Testing with Clinical Decision Support in Primary Care: Record of PGx Results and Real-World Impact (2019) Genes, 10, p. 416. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; D{\'a}vila-Fajardo, C.L., D{\'i}az-Villamar{\'i}n, X., Ant{\'u}nez-Rodr{\'i}guez, A., Fern{\'a}ndez-G{\'o}mez, A.E., Garc{\'i}a-Navas, P., Martinez-Gonzalez, L., D{\'a}vila-Fajardo, J.A., Barrera, J.C., Pharmacogenetics in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases and Its Current Progress Regarding Implementation in the Clinical Routine (2019) Genes, 10, p. 261. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Pavlovic, S., Kotur, N., Stankovic, B., Zukic, B., Gasic, V., Dokmanovic, L., Pharmacogenomic and Pharmacotranscriptomic Profiling of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Paving the Way to Personalized Treatment (2019) Genes, 10, p. 191. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]",
year = "2020",
doi = "10.3390/genes11060679",
language = "English",
volume = "11",
pages = "1--5",
journal = "Genes",
issn = "2073-4425",
publisher = "MDPI AG",
number = "6",
}