Physical and functional association of CD45 and CD3-TCR complex on CD1+ human thymocytes. Evidence that the engagement of CD45 molecules can prevent CD1+ thymocytes from apoptosis

In this study the effects of CD45 engagement on CD3-TCR-driven stimulation of CD1⁺ human immature thymocytes have been analyzed. Simultaneous cross-linking of CD45 and CD3 antigens on highly purified CD1⁺ thymocytes reduced the number of cells undergoing apoptosis after 16 h of in vitro culture. This cell population might represent immature thymocytes committed in vivo to die by programmed cell death (PCD). CD45 engagement could also increase the number of cycling CD1⁺ thymocytes; of note, the large majority (> 95%) of dividing cells expressed the CD1 molecule at the cell surface, indicating that proliferating cells were actually represented by immature thymocytes. These data suggest that the CD45 molecule might play a role in the rescue of immature thymocytes from PCD during differentiation. Along this line, we found that activation of CD1⁺ thymocytes via the CD3-TCR complex could be enhanced by CD45, both in terms of transcription and surface expression of IL-2R. These effects might be explained by the finding that the CD45 molecule (but not its isoforms CD45RO and RA) was physically associated with the CD3-TCR complex at the cell surface of CD1⁺ human thymocytes, as shown by co-precipitation and co-capping experiments. Finally, cross-linking of CD45 and CD3 antigens led to the expansion of CD3⁺ thymocytes co-expressing CD4 and CD8, indicating that simultaneous engagement of CD45 and CD3 molecules can block CD1⁺ cells at the double-positive (CD3⁺CD4⁺CD8⁺) differentiation stage. On the other hand, stimulation through CD3 resulted in the expansion of thymocytes showing a mature phenotype (CD3⁺CD4⁺ or CD3⁺CD8⁺). Altogether, these findings suggest that the CD45 molecule is involved both in early activation and in the regulation of CD1₊ thymocyte differentiation.