TY - JOUR
T1 - Plasma androgen receptor in prostate cancer
AU - Conteduca, Vincenza
AU - Gurioli, Giorgia
AU - Brighi, Nicole
AU - Lolli, Cristian
AU - Schepisi, Giuseppe
AU - Casadei, Chiara
AU - Burgio, Salvatore Luca
AU - Gargiulo, Stefania
AU - Ravaglia, Giorgia
AU - Rossi, Lorena
AU - Altavilla, Amelia
AU - Farolfi, Alberto
AU - Menna, Cecilia
AU - Colangione, Sarah Pia
AU - Pulvirenti, Mario
AU - Romeo, Antonino
AU - De Giorgi, Ugo
PY - 2019/11
Y1 - 2019/11
N2 - The therapeutic landscape of prostate cancer has expanded rapidly over the past 10 years, and there is now an even greater need to understand the biological mechanisms of resistance and to develop noninvasive biomarkers to guide treatment. The androgen receptor (AR) is known to be involved in the pathogenesis and progression of prostate cancer. Recently, highly sensitive next-generation sequencing and PCR-based methods for analyzing androgen receptor gene (AR) copy numbers (CN) and mutations in plasma were established in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) of patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) treated with different drugs. The study of cfDNA holds great promise for improving treatment in CRPC, especially in the advanced stage of the disease. Recent findings showed the significant association of plasma AR aberrations with clinical outcome in CRPC patients treated with AR-directed therapies, whereas no association was observed in patients treated with taxanes. This suggests the potential for using plasma AR as a biomarker for selecting treatment, i.e., hormone therapy or chemotherapy, and the possibility of modulating taxane dose. In recent years, plasma AR status has also been investigated in association with novel agents, such as177Lu-PSMA radioligand therapy and PARP inhibitors. This review will focus on AR testing in plasma that may have clinical utility for treatment selection in advanced prostate cancer.
AB - The therapeutic landscape of prostate cancer has expanded rapidly over the past 10 years, and there is now an even greater need to understand the biological mechanisms of resistance and to develop noninvasive biomarkers to guide treatment. The androgen receptor (AR) is known to be involved in the pathogenesis and progression of prostate cancer. Recently, highly sensitive next-generation sequencing and PCR-based methods for analyzing androgen receptor gene (AR) copy numbers (CN) and mutations in plasma were established in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) of patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) treated with different drugs. The study of cfDNA holds great promise for improving treatment in CRPC, especially in the advanced stage of the disease. Recent findings showed the significant association of plasma AR aberrations with clinical outcome in CRPC patients treated with AR-directed therapies, whereas no association was observed in patients treated with taxanes. This suggests the potential for using plasma AR as a biomarker for selecting treatment, i.e., hormone therapy or chemotherapy, and the possibility of modulating taxane dose. In recent years, plasma AR status has also been investigated in association with novel agents, such as177Lu-PSMA radioligand therapy and PARP inhibitors. This review will focus on AR testing in plasma that may have clinical utility for treatment selection in advanced prostate cancer.
KW - Androgen receptor
KW - Biomarkers
KW - Plasma DNA
KW - Prostate cancer
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U2 - 10.3390/cancers11111719
DO - 10.3390/cancers11111719
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85074652488
VL - 11
JO - Cancers
JF - Cancers
SN - 2072-6694
IS - 11
M1 - 1719
ER -