TY - JOUR
T1 - Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Insulin-Resistant Adolescents with Obesity: The Role of Nutrition Therapy and Food Supplements as a Strategy to Protect Fertility
AU - Calcaterra, Valeria
AU - Verduci, Elvira
AU - Cena, Hellas
AU - Magenes, Vittoria Carlotta
AU - Todisco, Carolina Federica
AU - Tenuta, Elisavietta
AU - Gregorio, Cristina
AU - De Giuseppe, Rachele
AU - Bosetti, Alessandra
AU - Di Profio, Elisabetta
AU - Zuccotti, Gianvincenzo
PY - 2021/5/28
Y1 - 2021/5/28
N2 - Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in young reproductive-aged women. PCOS is often associated with obesity and impairs reproductive health. Even though several theories have been proposed to explain the pathogenic mechanism of PCOS, the role of insulin resistance (IR) as a key etiological component, independently of (but amplified by) obesity, is well recognized. The consequent hyperinsulinemia activates excessive ovarian androgen production, leading to PCOS. Additionally, the state of chronic inflammation related to obesity impacts ovarian physiology due to insulin sensitivity impairment. The first-line treatment for adolescents with obesity and PCOS includes lifestyle changes; personalized dietary interventions; and, when needed, weight loss. Medical nutrition therapy (MNT) and the use of specific food supplements in these patients aim at improving symptoms and signs, including insulin resistance and metabolic and reproductive functions. The purpose of this narrative review is to present and discuss PCOS in adolescents with obesity, its relationship with IR and the role of MNT and food supplements in treatment. Appropriate early dietary intervention for the management of adolescents with obesity and PCOS should be considered as the recommended approach to restore ovulation and to protect fertility.
AB - Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in young reproductive-aged women. PCOS is often associated with obesity and impairs reproductive health. Even though several theories have been proposed to explain the pathogenic mechanism of PCOS, the role of insulin resistance (IR) as a key etiological component, independently of (but amplified by) obesity, is well recognized. The consequent hyperinsulinemia activates excessive ovarian androgen production, leading to PCOS. Additionally, the state of chronic inflammation related to obesity impacts ovarian physiology due to insulin sensitivity impairment. The first-line treatment for adolescents with obesity and PCOS includes lifestyle changes; personalized dietary interventions; and, when needed, weight loss. Medical nutrition therapy (MNT) and the use of specific food supplements in these patients aim at improving symptoms and signs, including insulin resistance and metabolic and reproductive functions. The purpose of this narrative review is to present and discuss PCOS in adolescents with obesity, its relationship with IR and the role of MNT and food supplements in treatment. Appropriate early dietary intervention for the management of adolescents with obesity and PCOS should be considered as the recommended approach to restore ovulation and to protect fertility.
KW - Adolescent
KW - Dietary Supplements
KW - Female
KW - Humans
KW - Insulin Resistance
KW - Nutrition Therapy
KW - Pediatric Obesity/complications
KW - Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/complications
U2 - 10.3390/nu13061848
DO - 10.3390/nu13061848
M3 - Review article
C2 - 34071499
VL - 13
SP - 1848
JO - Nutrients
JF - Nutrients
SN - 2072-6643
IS - 6
ER -