Porcine von Willebrand factor binding to human platelet GPIb induces transmembrane calcium influx

Porcine von Willebrand factor (P-vWF) binds to human platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ib and, upon stirring (1500 rpm/min) at 37°C, induces, in a dose-dependent manner, a transmembrane flux of Ca²⁺ ions and platelet aggregation with an increase in their intracellular concentration. The inhibition of P-vWF binding to GP Ib, obtained with anti GP Ib monoclonal antibody (LJ-Ib1), inhibits the increase of intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration ([Ca²⁺]i) and platelet aggregation. This effect is not observed with LJ-Ib10, an anti GP Ib monoclonal antibody which does not inhibit the vWF binding to GP Ib. An anti GP IIb-IIIa monoclonal antibody (LJ-CP8) shown to inhibit the binding of both vWF and fibrinogen to the GP IIb-IIIa complex, had only a slight effect on the [Ca²⁺]i rise elicited by the addition of P-vWF. No inhibition was also observed with a different anti GP IIb-IIIa monoclonal antibody (LJ-P5), shown to block the binding of vWF and not that of fibrinogen to the GP IIb-IIIa complex. PGE₁, apyrase and indomethacin show a minimal effect on [Ca²⁺]i rise, while EGTA completely blocks it. The GP Ib occupancy by recombinant vWF fragment rvWF^445-733 completely inhibits the increase of [Ca²⁺]i and large aggregates formation. Our results suggest that, in analogy to what is seen with human vWF under high shear stress, the binding of P-vWF to platelet GP Ib, at low shear stress and through the formation of aggregates of an appropriate size, induces a transmembrane flux of Ca²⁺, independently from platelet cyclooxygenase metabolism, perhaps through a receptor dependent calcium channel. The increase in [Ca²⁺]i may act as an intracellular message and cause the activation of the GP IIb-IIIa complex.