Abstract
Basic research is showing new mechanisms involved in early immune responses and Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET) formation (or NETosis) is of key importance as first line defense against bacteria, virus and protozoa. Enzymatic modification of arginine in citrulline in histones is the prerequisite of NETosis being it necessary for decondensation and extrusion of DNA from cells; it is conceivable that other post translational modifications may occur during this event. There is consensus in considering that post translational modified proteins may elicit an autoimmune response that leads to the formation of autoantibodies. Several autoimmune diseases seem to share these pathogenic mechanisms, in particular Rheumatoid arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Small Vessel Vasculitis and Anti-Phospholipid Syndrome, which are all characterized by high levels of circulating autoantibodies. Autoimmunity has, however, different targets and elicits different clinical responses. It seems reasonable to hypothesize that although NETosis is common to all the conditions above, NET components are different and potentially responsible for different autoimmune responses. On the other hand also showing whether circulating NET remnants are present as free structures in blood/biological fluids and determine their levels is relevant to autoimmunity. This review is intended to discuss the rationale for utilizing new discoveries that could be of rapid clinical application and lead to the development of early biomarkers of autoimmunity to predict and treat otherwise serious conditions.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 12-16 |
| Number of pages | 5 |
| Journal | Clinica Chimica Acta |
| Volume | 464 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Jan 1 2017 |
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Keywords
- Autoantibodies
- Autoimmunity
- Carbamylation
- Citrullinated proteins
- Neutrophil extracellular traps
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Biochemistry
- Clinical Biochemistry
- Biochemistry, medical
Cite this
Post-translational modified proteins are biomarkers of autoimmune-processes : NETosis and the inflammatory–autoimmunity connection. / Bruschi, Maurizio; Petretto, Andrea; Bertelli, Roberta; Galetti, Maricla; Bonanni, Alice; Pratesi, Federico; Migliorini, Paola; Candiano, Giovanni; Vaglio, Augusto; Ghiggeri, Gian Marco.
In: Clinica Chimica Acta, Vol. 464, 01.01.2017, p. 12-16.Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Post-translational modified proteins are biomarkers of autoimmune-processes
T2 - NETosis and the inflammatory–autoimmunity connection
AU - Bruschi, Maurizio
AU - Petretto, Andrea
AU - Bertelli, Roberta
AU - Galetti, Maricla
AU - Bonanni, Alice
AU - Pratesi, Federico
AU - Migliorini, Paola
AU - Candiano, Giovanni
AU - Vaglio, Augusto
AU - Ghiggeri, Gian Marco
PY - 2017/1/1
Y1 - 2017/1/1
N2 - Basic research is showing new mechanisms involved in early immune responses and Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET) formation (or NETosis) is of key importance as first line defense against bacteria, virus and protozoa. Enzymatic modification of arginine in citrulline in histones is the prerequisite of NETosis being it necessary for decondensation and extrusion of DNA from cells; it is conceivable that other post translational modifications may occur during this event. There is consensus in considering that post translational modified proteins may elicit an autoimmune response that leads to the formation of autoantibodies. Several autoimmune diseases seem to share these pathogenic mechanisms, in particular Rheumatoid arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Small Vessel Vasculitis and Anti-Phospholipid Syndrome, which are all characterized by high levels of circulating autoantibodies. Autoimmunity has, however, different targets and elicits different clinical responses. It seems reasonable to hypothesize that although NETosis is common to all the conditions above, NET components are different and potentially responsible for different autoimmune responses. On the other hand also showing whether circulating NET remnants are present as free structures in blood/biological fluids and determine their levels is relevant to autoimmunity. This review is intended to discuss the rationale for utilizing new discoveries that could be of rapid clinical application and lead to the development of early biomarkers of autoimmunity to predict and treat otherwise serious conditions.
AB - Basic research is showing new mechanisms involved in early immune responses and Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET) formation (or NETosis) is of key importance as first line defense against bacteria, virus and protozoa. Enzymatic modification of arginine in citrulline in histones is the prerequisite of NETosis being it necessary for decondensation and extrusion of DNA from cells; it is conceivable that other post translational modifications may occur during this event. There is consensus in considering that post translational modified proteins may elicit an autoimmune response that leads to the formation of autoantibodies. Several autoimmune diseases seem to share these pathogenic mechanisms, in particular Rheumatoid arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Small Vessel Vasculitis and Anti-Phospholipid Syndrome, which are all characterized by high levels of circulating autoantibodies. Autoimmunity has, however, different targets and elicits different clinical responses. It seems reasonable to hypothesize that although NETosis is common to all the conditions above, NET components are different and potentially responsible for different autoimmune responses. On the other hand also showing whether circulating NET remnants are present as free structures in blood/biological fluids and determine their levels is relevant to autoimmunity. This review is intended to discuss the rationale for utilizing new discoveries that could be of rapid clinical application and lead to the development of early biomarkers of autoimmunity to predict and treat otherwise serious conditions.
KW - Autoantibodies
KW - Autoimmunity
KW - Carbamylation
KW - Citrullinated proteins
KW - Neutrophil extracellular traps
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84994704854&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84994704854&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.cca.2016.11.006
DO - 10.1016/j.cca.2016.11.006
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:84994704854
VL - 464
SP - 12
EP - 16
JO - Clinica Chimica Acta
JF - Clinica Chimica Acta
SN - 0009-8981
ER -