Abstract
Aims/hypothesis: We investigated whether screening for insulinoma- associated protein (IA-2) beta (IA-2β) autoantibodies (IA-2βA) and zinc transporter-8 (ZnT8) autoantibodies (ZnT8A) improves identification of first-degree relatives of type 1 diabetic patients with a high 5-year disease risk, which to date has been based on assays for insulin autoantibodies (IAA), GAD autoantibodies (GADA) and IA-2 autoantibodies (IA-2A). Methods: IA-2βA and ZnT8A (using a ZnT8 carboxy-terminal hybrid construct, CW-CR, carrying 325Arg and 325Trp) were determined by radiobinding assay in 409 IAA+, GADA+ and/or IA-2A+ siblings or offspring (+ (n = 97), 14% (n = 59) IA-2βA+ and 20% (n = 80) ZnT8A+. IA-2βA and ZnT8A were significantly (p <0.001) associated with IA-2A and prediabetes (n = 86); in IA-2A- first-degree relatives (n = 312) the presence of IA-2βA and ZnT8A was associated with an increased progression rate to diabetes (p <0.001). Positivity for IA-2A and/or ZnT8A emerged as the most sensitive combination of two markers to identify first-degree relatives with a 5-year progression rate to diabetes of 45% (survival analysis) and as strongest predictor of diabetes (Cox regression analysis). Omission of first-degree relatives protected by HLA-DQ genotypes or maternal diabetes reduced the group to be followed from n = 409 to n = 246 (40%) with minor loss in the number of prediabetic IA-2A+ or ZnT8A+ first-degree relatives identified (n = 3). Conclusions/interpretation: IA-2A+ and/or ZnT8A+ first-degree relatives may be the participants of choice in future secondary prevention trials with immunointervention in relatives of type 1 diabetic patients.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 517-524 |
Number of pages | 8 |
Journal | Diabetologia |
Volume | 53 |
Issue number | 3 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Mar 2010 |
Keywords
- Autoantibodies
- HLA-DQ
- IA-2
- IA-2β
- Prediction
- Type 1 diabetes
- Zinc transporter-8
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Internal Medicine
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
- Medicine(all)