Probiotics: Immunomodulatory properties in allergy and eczema

Atopic disease and eczema are heterogeneous disorders resulting from complex multifactorial interactions. Several studies highlighted the role of gut mucosa in protecting the host from pathogens, regulating the tolerance to them; so a gut weaken barrier may lead to an aberrant immune response and to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, which compromise, in turn, the barrier functionality. A link between allergy and eczema onset and the gut microbiota composition exist, and in particular, it is evident that some microorganisms are able to influence the immune response. For this reason, there is great interest in the beneficial role of probiotics in preventing and treating allergies and eczema. The probiotic benefits depend on many factors, such as the bacterial strain and the pathology. This review helps to understand the role of probiotics in allergy and eczema, highlighting their role in the prevention and treatment of the aforementioned diseases.