PSA repeatedly fluctuating levels are reassuring enough to avoid biopsy?

Introduction: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels can show wide fluctuations when repeatedly measured. Here we investigatewd if: a) biopsy timing influences the prostate cancer (PC) detection rate in patients with fluctuating PSA (flu-PSA) in comparison with patients with steadily increasing PSA (si-PSA); b) PSA slope estimated in patients with flu-PSA predicts a different risk of cancer detection; c) flu-PSA and si-PSA patients develop PC in topographically different sites; d) the behaviour of pre-operative PSA is an expression oj a disease with different characteristics to the following radical prostatectomy. Methods: The study involved 211 patients who underwent at least a second biopsy after a first negative prostate biopsy. PSA Slope, PSA velocity (PSAV) and PSA doubling time (PSADT) were estimated. Flu-PSA level was defined as a PSA series with at least one PSA value lower than the one immediately preceding it. Results: 82 patients had flu-PSA levels and 129 si-PSA levels. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of cancer detection, clinical or pathological stage, but the si-PSA group with cancer had a higher Gleason score. No difference was found for PSA Slope between flu-PSA patients with cancer and those without. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates no difference in PC detection rate at repeat biopsy between patients with flu or si-PSA levels. PSA Slope, PSAV, and PSADT were not found helpful tools in cancer detection.