TY - JOUR
T1 - Pten alterations and their role in cancer management
T2 - Are we making headway on precision medicine?
AU - Fusco, Nicola
AU - Sajjadi, Elham
AU - Venetis, Konstantinos
AU - Gaudioso, Gabriella
AU - Lopez, Gianluca
AU - Corti, Chiara
AU - Rocco, Elena Guerini
AU - Criscitiello, Carmen
AU - Malapelle, Umberto
AU - Invernizzi, Marco
PY - 2020/7
Y1 - 2020/7
N2 - Alterations in the tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) occur in a substantial proportion of solid tumors. These events drive tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Given its central role as a downregulator of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, PTEN is deeply involved in cell growth, proliferation, and survival. This gene is also implicated in the modulation of the DNA damage response and in tumor immune microenvironment modeling. Despite the actionability of PTEN alterations, their role as biomarkers remains controversial in clinical practice. To date, there is still a substantial lack of validated guidelines and/or recommendations for PTEN testing. Here, we provide an update on the current state of knowledge on biologic and genetic alterations of PTEN across the most frequent solid tumors, as well as on their actual and/or possible clinical applications. We focus on possible tailored schemes for cancer patients’ clinical management, including risk assessment, diagnosis, prognostication, and treatment.
AB - Alterations in the tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) occur in a substantial proportion of solid tumors. These events drive tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Given its central role as a downregulator of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, PTEN is deeply involved in cell growth, proliferation, and survival. This gene is also implicated in the modulation of the DNA damage response and in tumor immune microenvironment modeling. Despite the actionability of PTEN alterations, their role as biomarkers remains controversial in clinical practice. To date, there is still a substantial lack of validated guidelines and/or recommendations for PTEN testing. Here, we provide an update on the current state of knowledge on biologic and genetic alterations of PTEN across the most frequent solid tumors, as well as on their actual and/or possible clinical applications. We focus on possible tailored schemes for cancer patients’ clinical management, including risk assessment, diagnosis, prognostication, and treatment.
KW - Biomarker
KW - Cancer
KW - PI3K/Akt
KW - Precision medicine
KW - PTEN
KW - Solid tumors
KW - Tumor immune microenvironment
KW - Tumor suppressor
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85087176961&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/genes11070719
DO - 10.3390/genes11070719
M3 - Review article
C2 - 32605290
AN - SCOPUS:85087176961
VL - 11
JO - Genes
JF - Genes
SN - 2073-4425
IS - 7
M1 - 719
ER -