Quantitative study of mitochondrial complex I in platelets of parkinsonian patients

Activity of mitochondrial enzyme complex I (NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase) is reduced in the substantia nigra of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). A less pronounced decrease in the activity of this enzyme has also been reported in platelets of PD patients. To obtain quantitative information on platelet complex I in PD, we studied platelet complex I in 16 PD patients and 16 age-matched controls by using a newly developed technique based on the binding of [³H]dihydrorotenone ([³H]DHR), an analog of the pesticide rotenone, to complex I. We also investigated the inhibitory effect of MPP⁺ (1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium) on [³H]DHR specific binding to platelet complex I. PD patients and controls showed similar levels of [³H]DHR specific binding; preincubation of platelets with MPP⁺ caused the same degree of inhibition of [³H]DHR specific binding in the two groups. In PD patients, we observed a direct correlation between MPP⁺-induced inhibition of [³H]DHR specific binding and the daily intake of levodopa, which may be related to drug-induced changes in the transport of MPP⁺ into the platelet or in its binding to complex I. These findings demonstrate that the reported reduction in complex I activity in platelets of PD patients can not be accounted for by an abnormality at the level of the rotenone binding site (putatively the ND-1 gene product), although they do not exclude differences in complex I activity between PD patients and controls.