TY - JOUR
T1 - Recent advances of electrochemical and optical enzyme-free glucose sensors operating at physiological conditions
AU - Adeel, Muhammad
AU - Rahman, Md Mahbubur
AU - Caligiuri, Isabella
AU - Canzonieri, Vincenzo
AU - Rizzolio, Flavio
AU - Daniele, Salvatore
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was financially supported by SPIN - Supporting Principal Investigators, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Italy .
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Elsevier B.V.
Copyright:
Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2020/10/1
Y1 - 2020/10/1
N2 - Diabetes is a pathological condition that requires the continuous monitoring of glucose level in the blood. Its control has been tremendously improved by the application of point-of-care devices. Conventional enzyme-based sensors with electrochemical and optical transduction systems can successfully measure the glucose concentration in human blood, but they suffer from the low stability of the enzyme. Non-enzymatic wearable electrochemical and optical sensors, with low-cost, high stability, point-of-care testing and online monitoring of glucose levels in biological fluids, have recently been developed and can help to manage and control diabetes worldwide. Advances in nanoscience and nanotechnology have enabled the development of novel nanomaterials that can be implemented for the use in enzyme-free systems to detect glucose. This review summarizes recent developments of enzyme-free electrochemical and optical glucose sensors, as well as their respective wearable and commercially available devices, capable of detecting glucose at physiological pH conditions without the need to pretreat the biological fluids. Additionally, the evolution of electrochemical glucose sensor technology and a couple of widely used optical detection systems along with the glucose detection mechanism is also discussed. Finally, this review addresses limitations and challenges of current non-enzymatic electrochemical, optical, and wearable glucose sensor technologies and highlights opportunities for future research directions.
AB - Diabetes is a pathological condition that requires the continuous monitoring of glucose level in the blood. Its control has been tremendously improved by the application of point-of-care devices. Conventional enzyme-based sensors with electrochemical and optical transduction systems can successfully measure the glucose concentration in human blood, but they suffer from the low stability of the enzyme. Non-enzymatic wearable electrochemical and optical sensors, with low-cost, high stability, point-of-care testing and online monitoring of glucose levels in biological fluids, have recently been developed and can help to manage and control diabetes worldwide. Advances in nanoscience and nanotechnology have enabled the development of novel nanomaterials that can be implemented for the use in enzyme-free systems to detect glucose. This review summarizes recent developments of enzyme-free electrochemical and optical glucose sensors, as well as their respective wearable and commercially available devices, capable of detecting glucose at physiological pH conditions without the need to pretreat the biological fluids. Additionally, the evolution of electrochemical glucose sensor technology and a couple of widely used optical detection systems along with the glucose detection mechanism is also discussed. Finally, this review addresses limitations and challenges of current non-enzymatic electrochemical, optical, and wearable glucose sensor technologies and highlights opportunities for future research directions.
KW - Electrochemical and optical sensors
KW - Enzyme-free systems
KW - Glucose sensor
KW - Physiological conditions
KW - Wearable devices
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85086820029&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85086820029&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112331
DO - 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112331
M3 - Review article
C2 - 32729477
AN - SCOPUS:85086820029
VL - 165
JO - Biosensors and Bioelectronics
JF - Biosensors and Bioelectronics
SN - 0956-5663
M1 - 112331
ER -