TY - JOUR
T1 - Recent insights into the role of the microbiome in malignant and benign hematologic diseases
AU - Fattizzo, Bruno
AU - Cavallaro, Francesca
AU - Folino, Francesco
AU - Barcellini, Wilma
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Author(s)
Copyright:
Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/4
Y1 - 2021/4
N2 - Growing evidence suggests the impact of microbiome alteration, named dysbiosis, on the development of neoplasms, infections, inflammatory diseases, and immuno-mediated disorders. Regarding hematologic diseases, most data regard hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). In this review, we systematically evaluate the studies concerning microbiome in malignant and benign hematologic disorders beyond HSCT. A permissive microbiota is associated to the development of hematologic malignancies (including acute leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma), as well as of iron deficiency anemia, autoimmune cytopenias, and aplastic anemia. This happens through various mechanisms; chronic inflammatory triggering, epithelial barrier alteration, antigen dissequestration, and molecular mimicry. Hematologic therapies (chemo and immunosuppression) may induce/worsen dysbiosis and favour disease progression and infectious complications. Antibiotics may also induce dysbiosis with possible long-term consequences. Finally, novel target therapies are likely to alter microbiome, inducing gut inflammation (i.e. small molecules such as tyrosine-kinase-inhibitors) or enhancing host's immune system (as observed with CAR-T cells and checkpoint inhibitors).
AB - Growing evidence suggests the impact of microbiome alteration, named dysbiosis, on the development of neoplasms, infections, inflammatory diseases, and immuno-mediated disorders. Regarding hematologic diseases, most data regard hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). In this review, we systematically evaluate the studies concerning microbiome in malignant and benign hematologic disorders beyond HSCT. A permissive microbiota is associated to the development of hematologic malignancies (including acute leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma), as well as of iron deficiency anemia, autoimmune cytopenias, and aplastic anemia. This happens through various mechanisms; chronic inflammatory triggering, epithelial barrier alteration, antigen dissequestration, and molecular mimicry. Hematologic therapies (chemo and immunosuppression) may induce/worsen dysbiosis and favour disease progression and infectious complications. Antibiotics may also induce dysbiosis with possible long-term consequences. Finally, novel target therapies are likely to alter microbiome, inducing gut inflammation (i.e. small molecules such as tyrosine-kinase-inhibitors) or enhancing host's immune system (as observed with CAR-T cells and checkpoint inhibitors).
KW - Aplastic anemia
KW - Autoimmune cytopenias
KW - Dysbiosis
KW - Hematologic disease
KW - Leukemia
KW - Lymphoma
KW - Microbiome
KW - Myeloma
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U2 - 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103289
DO - 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103289
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85101962763
VL - 160
JO - Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
JF - Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
SN - 1040-8428
M1 - 103289
ER -