TY - JOUR
T1 - Relationship between salt consumption and iodine intake in a pediatric population
AU - The MINISAL-GIRCSI Study Group
AU - Iacone, Roberto
AU - Iaccarino Idelson, Paola
AU - Campanozzi, A.
AU - Rutigliano, Irene
AU - Russo, Ornella
AU - Formisano, Pietro
AU - Galeone, D.
AU - Macchia, Paolo Emidio
AU - Strazzullo, P.
AU - Agabiti-Rosei, E.
AU - Campanozzi, A.
AU - Carcea, M.
AU - Donfrancesco, C.
AU - Galeone, D.
AU - Galletti, F.
AU - Giampaoli, S.
AU - Iacoviello, L.
AU - Scalfi, L.
AU - Siani, A.
AU - Strazzullo, P.
AU - De Filippo, G.
AU - Malamisura, B.
AU - Cecere, G.
AU - Micillo, M.
AU - D’Angelo, E.
AU - Maschione, R.
AU - De Marco, G.
AU - D'Angelo, G.
AU - Cosenza, C.
AU - Gualano, R.
AU - Borsetti, R.
AU - Cela, G.
AU - Francavilla, R.
AU - Tetro, A.
AU - Pensabene, L.
AU - Talarico, V.
AU - Graziano, F.
AU - Palermo, B. V.E.
AU - Lombardi, G.
AU - Illiceto, M. T.
AU - Tonelli, L.
AU - Catassi, C.
AU - Tonelli, G.
AU - Castellucci, G.
AU - Ferraro, L.
AU - Cozzali, R.
AU - Di Biase, R.
AU - Cipolli, S.
AU - Lezo, A.
AU - Salvatore, S.
N1 - Funding Information:
Open access funding provided by Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II within the CRUI-CARE Agreement. This study was funded by the Italian Ministry of Health (Ministero della Salute) Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CCM) as part of the MINISAL-GIRCSI Program within the framework of the Program Guadagnare Salute. Acknowledgements
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020, The Author(s).
Copyright:
Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2020
Y1 - 2020
N2 - Purpose: The World Health Organization recommends reduction of salt intake to < 5 g/day and the use of iodized salt to prevent iodine deficiency states. A high prevalence of excess salt consumption and an inadequate iodine intake has been previously shown in an Italian pediatric population. It was appropriate, therefore, to analyse in the same population the relationship occurring between salt consumption and iodine intake. Methods: The study population was made of 1270 children and adolescents. Estimates of salt consumption and iodine intake were obtained by measuring 24 h urinary sodium and iodine excretion. Results: The iodine intake increased gradually across quartiles of salt consumption independently of sex, age and body weight (p < 0.001). Median iodine intake met the European Food Safety Authority adequacy level only in teenagers in the highest quartile of salt consumption (salt intake > 10.2 g/day). We estimated that approximately 65–73% of the total iodine intake was derived from food and 27–35% from iodized salt and that iodized salt made actually only 20% of the total salt intake. Conclusion: In this pediatric population, in face of an elevated average salt consumption, the use of iodized salt was still insufficient to ensure an adequate iodine intake, in particular among teenagers. In the perspective of a progressive reduction of total salt intake, the health institutions should continue to support iodoprophylaxis, in the context of the national strategies for salt reduction. In order for these policies to be successful, in addition to educational campaigns, it is needed that the prescriptions contained in the current legislation on iodoprophylaxis are made compelling through specific enforcement measures for all the involved stakeholders.
AB - Purpose: The World Health Organization recommends reduction of salt intake to < 5 g/day and the use of iodized salt to prevent iodine deficiency states. A high prevalence of excess salt consumption and an inadequate iodine intake has been previously shown in an Italian pediatric population. It was appropriate, therefore, to analyse in the same population the relationship occurring between salt consumption and iodine intake. Methods: The study population was made of 1270 children and adolescents. Estimates of salt consumption and iodine intake were obtained by measuring 24 h urinary sodium and iodine excretion. Results: The iodine intake increased gradually across quartiles of salt consumption independently of sex, age and body weight (p < 0.001). Median iodine intake met the European Food Safety Authority adequacy level only in teenagers in the highest quartile of salt consumption (salt intake > 10.2 g/day). We estimated that approximately 65–73% of the total iodine intake was derived from food and 27–35% from iodized salt and that iodized salt made actually only 20% of the total salt intake. Conclusion: In this pediatric population, in face of an elevated average salt consumption, the use of iodized salt was still insufficient to ensure an adequate iodine intake, in particular among teenagers. In the perspective of a progressive reduction of total salt intake, the health institutions should continue to support iodoprophylaxis, in the context of the national strategies for salt reduction. In order for these policies to be successful, in addition to educational campaigns, it is needed that the prescriptions contained in the current legislation on iodoprophylaxis are made compelling through specific enforcement measures for all the involved stakeholders.
KW - 24 h urinary excretion
KW - Hypertension
KW - Iodine deficiency disorders
KW - Iodine intake
KW - Iodine prophylaxis
KW - Pediatric age
KW - Salt restriction
KW - Thyroid
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U2 - 10.1007/s00394-020-02407-w
DO - 10.1007/s00394-020-02407-w
M3 - Article
C2 - 33084957
AN - SCOPUS:85097564027
JO - European Journal of Nutrition
JF - European Journal of Nutrition
SN - 1436-6207
ER -