TY - JOUR
T1 - Small bowel epithelial precursor lesions: A focus on molecular alterations
AU - Vanoli, Alessandro
AU - Grillo, Federica
AU - Furlan, Daniela
AU - Arpa, Giovanni
AU - Grami, Oneda
AU - Guerini, Camilla
AU - Riboni, Roberta
AU - Mastracci, Luca
AU - Di Sabatino, Antonio
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding: The APC was funded by San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy. This research received no external funding.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021/5/1
Y1 - 2021/5/1
N2 - The wider use of gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures has led to an increased detection of small intestinal preneoplastic and neoplastic epithelial lesions, most of which are identified in the duodenum and ampullary region. Like their malignant counterparts, small intestinal glandular precursor lesions, which include adenomas and hamartomas, may arise sporadically or be associated with hereditary tumor syndromes, such as familial adenomatous polyposis, MUTYH-associated polyposis, Lynch syndrome, Peutz‐Jeghers syndrome, juvenile polyposis syndrome, and Cowden syndrome. In addition, dysplastic, preinvasive lesions have been observed adjacent to small bowel adenocarcinomas complicating immune‐related disorders, such as celiac or Crohn’s disease. Adenomatous lesions may exhibit an intestinal‐type, gastric‐type, or, very rarely, serrated differentiation, related to different molecular pathogenetic mechanisms. Finally, in the background of multiple endocrine neoplasia 1 syndrome, precursor neuroendocrine growths have been described. In this review we offer a comprehensive description on the histo‐molecular features of the main histotypes of small bowel epithelial precursors lesions, including: (i) sporadic adenomas (intestinal‐type and gastric‐type; non‐ampullary and ampullary); (ii) syndromic adenomas; (iii) small bowel dysplasia in celiac and Crohn’s disease; (iv) serrated lesions; (v) hamartomatous lesions; and (vi) neuroendocrine precursor lesions.
AB - The wider use of gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures has led to an increased detection of small intestinal preneoplastic and neoplastic epithelial lesions, most of which are identified in the duodenum and ampullary region. Like their malignant counterparts, small intestinal glandular precursor lesions, which include adenomas and hamartomas, may arise sporadically or be associated with hereditary tumor syndromes, such as familial adenomatous polyposis, MUTYH-associated polyposis, Lynch syndrome, Peutz‐Jeghers syndrome, juvenile polyposis syndrome, and Cowden syndrome. In addition, dysplastic, preinvasive lesions have been observed adjacent to small bowel adenocarcinomas complicating immune‐related disorders, such as celiac or Crohn’s disease. Adenomatous lesions may exhibit an intestinal‐type, gastric‐type, or, very rarely, serrated differentiation, related to different molecular pathogenetic mechanisms. Finally, in the background of multiple endocrine neoplasia 1 syndrome, precursor neuroendocrine growths have been described. In this review we offer a comprehensive description on the histo‐molecular features of the main histotypes of small bowel epithelial precursors lesions, including: (i) sporadic adenomas (intestinal‐type and gastric‐type; non‐ampullary and ampullary); (ii) syndromic adenomas; (iii) small bowel dysplasia in celiac and Crohn’s disease; (iv) serrated lesions; (v) hamartomatous lesions; and (vi) neuroendocrine precursor lesions.
KW - Adenoma
KW - Ampulla
KW - APC
KW - Celiac disease
KW - Crohn’s disease
KW - GNAS
KW - Hamartoma
KW - Neuroendocrine
KW - Polyposis
KW - Small intestine
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U2 - 10.3390/ijms22094388
DO - 10.3390/ijms22094388
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85104514639
VL - 22
SP - 4388
JO - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
SN - 1661-6596
IS - 9
ER -