Abstract
Background. Liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer mortality. Chronic liver disease caused by viral infection, alcohol abuse, or other factors can lead to cirrhosis. Cirrhosis is the most important clinical risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) whereby the normal hepatic architecture is replaced by fibrous septa and a spectrum of nodules ranging from benign regenerative nodules to HCC, each one of them with different imaging features. Multiple studies have demonstrated that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has excellent sensitivity and specificity for the detection and characterization of HCC in comparison with computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound. Beyond the standard protocol, the use of hepatobiliary contrast agents and the acquisition of additional sequences such as diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) with apparent diffusion coefficient mapping, subtraction imaging, multiplanar acquisition, and hepatobiliary phase, have been proposed to improve the detection of HCC, especially in the case of small, well-differentiated, and post-treatment HCC. Conclusions. Furthermore, advanced techniques including the quantification of hepatic and intralesional fat and iron, magnetic resonance elastography, radiomics, radiogenomics, and positron emission tomography (PET)-MRI are highly promising for the extraction of new imaging biomarkers that reflect the tumor microenvironment and, in the future, may add decision-making value in the management of patients with HCC.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 353-364 |
| Number of pages | 12 |
| Journal | Radiology and Oncology |
| Volume | 52 |
| Issue number | 4 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Jan 1 2018 |
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Keywords
- Cirrhosis
- Hepatic nodule
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- Liver
- Magnetic resonance imaging
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Oncology
- Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging
Cite this
State of the art in magnetic resonance imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma. / Horvat, Natally; Monti, Serena; Oliveira, Brunna Clemente; Rocha, Camila Carlos Tavares; Giancipoli, Romina Grazia; Mannelli, Lorenzo.
In: Radiology and Oncology, Vol. 52, No. 4, 01.01.2018, p. 353-364.Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - State of the art in magnetic resonance imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma
AU - Horvat, Natally
AU - Monti, Serena
AU - Oliveira, Brunna Clemente
AU - Rocha, Camila Carlos Tavares
AU - Giancipoli, Romina Grazia
AU - Mannelli, Lorenzo
PY - 2018/1/1
Y1 - 2018/1/1
N2 - Background. Liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer mortality. Chronic liver disease caused by viral infection, alcohol abuse, or other factors can lead to cirrhosis. Cirrhosis is the most important clinical risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) whereby the normal hepatic architecture is replaced by fibrous septa and a spectrum of nodules ranging from benign regenerative nodules to HCC, each one of them with different imaging features. Multiple studies have demonstrated that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has excellent sensitivity and specificity for the detection and characterization of HCC in comparison with computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound. Beyond the standard protocol, the use of hepatobiliary contrast agents and the acquisition of additional sequences such as diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) with apparent diffusion coefficient mapping, subtraction imaging, multiplanar acquisition, and hepatobiliary phase, have been proposed to improve the detection of HCC, especially in the case of small, well-differentiated, and post-treatment HCC. Conclusions. Furthermore, advanced techniques including the quantification of hepatic and intralesional fat and iron, magnetic resonance elastography, radiomics, radiogenomics, and positron emission tomography (PET)-MRI are highly promising for the extraction of new imaging biomarkers that reflect the tumor microenvironment and, in the future, may add decision-making value in the management of patients with HCC.
AB - Background. Liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer mortality. Chronic liver disease caused by viral infection, alcohol abuse, or other factors can lead to cirrhosis. Cirrhosis is the most important clinical risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) whereby the normal hepatic architecture is replaced by fibrous septa and a spectrum of nodules ranging from benign regenerative nodules to HCC, each one of them with different imaging features. Multiple studies have demonstrated that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has excellent sensitivity and specificity for the detection and characterization of HCC in comparison with computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound. Beyond the standard protocol, the use of hepatobiliary contrast agents and the acquisition of additional sequences such as diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) with apparent diffusion coefficient mapping, subtraction imaging, multiplanar acquisition, and hepatobiliary phase, have been proposed to improve the detection of HCC, especially in the case of small, well-differentiated, and post-treatment HCC. Conclusions. Furthermore, advanced techniques including the quantification of hepatic and intralesional fat and iron, magnetic resonance elastography, radiomics, radiogenomics, and positron emission tomography (PET)-MRI are highly promising for the extraction of new imaging biomarkers that reflect the tumor microenvironment and, in the future, may add decision-making value in the management of patients with HCC.
KW - Cirrhosis
KW - Hepatic nodule
KW - Hepatocellular carcinoma
KW - Liver
KW - Magnetic resonance imaging
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85058440731&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85058440731&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.2478/raon-2018-0044
DO - 10.2478/raon-2018-0044
M3 - Review article
C2 - 30511939
AN - SCOPUS:85058440731
VL - 52
SP - 353
EP - 364
JO - Radiology and Oncology
JF - Radiology and Oncology
SN - 1318-2099
IS - 4
ER -