Lo stato epilettico in età pediatrica.

Status Epilepticus (SE) is defined as an epileptic seizure which is so frequently repeated or so prolonged as to create a fixed and lasting epileptic condition. SE is observed in all age groups, but its frequency increases among younger children. Etiological factors vary with age. During infancy acute encephalopathies (infectious, anoxic-ischaemic, metabolic, etc.) are prevalent, while later non progressive encephalopathies are more frequent. Cryptogenic cases are present in all age groups, but "febrile" cases are observed before two years of age. Generalized forms are rare. The most frequent SE is Unilateral non alternating, which is observed exclusively among children. The semeiological diagnosis of SE with the help of EEG monitoring can be useful, since some forms of SE have constant etiological factors and prognosis. Since the condition of SE may cause brain damage or even endanger patient's life, immediate and adequate treatment is necessary. Diazepam and Phenytoin are particularly effective for stopping the seizures. A practical scheme for treatment is presented.