T cell subset alterations in idiopathic glomerulonephritis

Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 15 healthy controls and 59 patients with idiopathic glomerulonephritis were studied to determine whether an imbalance exists among human T cell subsets in these diseases. Twenty of the patients studied had a minimal change nephropathy (10 with nephrotic syndrome and 10 in sustained remission); 27 had a membranous glomerulonephritis (12 with nephrotic syndrome, six with isolated proteinuria and nine in complete remission); 12 patients had an IgA glomerulonephritis with haematuria and mild proteinuria. Monoclonal antibodies directed at human T lymphocyte subsets termed OKT3, OKT4 and OKT8 were used in an indirect immunofluorescence assay in all cases. Patients with minimal change nephropathy, with or without nephrotic syndrome and patients with IgA glomerulonephritis showed mean values OKT3⁺ cells (total peripheral T cells), helper OKT4⁺ cells, suppressor OKT8⁺ cells and OKT4⁺/OKT8⁺ cell ratio, in the normal range. Only the group of patients with membranous glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome presented a mean OKT4⁺/OKT8⁺ ratio greater than the normal group (percentages: 2.43 ± 0.3 vs 1.6 ± 0.1 s.e.m.; P+ cell subset compared to the healthy subjects (percentages: 27.6 ± 2.9 vs 36.8 ±1.4 s.e.m.; P