Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) represent a promising therapeutic intervention for a variety of advanced/metastatic solid tumors, including melanoma, but in a large number of cases, patients fail to establish a sustained anti-tumor immunity and to achieve a long-lasting clinical benefit. Cells of the tumor micro-environment such as tumor-associated M2 macrophages (M2-TAMs) have been reported to limit the efficacy of immunotherapy, promoting tumor immune evasion and progression. Thus, strategies targeting M2-TAMs have been suggested to synergize with immune checkpoint blockade. This review recapitulates the molecular mechanisms by which M2-TAMs promote cancer immune evasion, with focus on the potential cross-talk between pharmacological interventions targeting M2-TAMs and ICIs for melanoma treatment.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 3401 |
Pages (from-to) | 1-32 |
Number of pages | 32 |
Journal | Cancers |
Volume | 12 |
Issue number | 11 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Nov 2020 |
Keywords
- CTLA-4
- Immune checkpoint
- Immune escape
- Macrophages
- Melanoma
- Metastasis
- PD-1
- PD-L1
- VEGFR-1
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Oncology
- Cancer Research