TY - JOUR
T1 - The aetiology of upper aerodigestive tract cancers among young adults in Europe
T2 - The ARCAGE study
AU - MacFarlane, Tatiana V.
AU - MacFarlane, Gary J.
AU - Oliver, Richard J.
AU - Benhamou, Simone
AU - Bouchardy, Christine
AU - Ahrens, Wolfgang
AU - Pohlabeln, Hermann
AU - Lagiou, Pagona
AU - Lagiou, Areti
AU - Castellsague, Xavier
AU - Agudo, Antonio
AU - Merletti, Franco
AU - Richiardi, Lorenzo
AU - Kjaerheim, Kristina
AU - Slamova, Alena
AU - Schejbalova, Miriam
AU - Canova, Cristina
AU - Simonato, Lorenzo
AU - Talamini, Renato
AU - Barzan, Luigi
AU - Conway, David I.
AU - McKinney, Patricia A.
AU - Znaor, Ariana
AU - Lowry, Raymond J.
AU - Thomson, Peter
AU - Healy, Claire M.
AU - McCartan, Bernard E.
AU - Marron, Manuela
AU - Hashibe, Mia
AU - Brennan, Paul
PY - 2010/12
Y1 - 2010/12
N2 - Background: The incidence of cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) is increasing throughout the world. To date the increases have been proportionally greatest among young people. Several reports have suggested that they often do not have a history of tobacco smoking or heavy alcohol consumption. Objective: To determine the contribution of lifestyle factors to the etiology of UADT cancers occurring in those aged less than 50 years. Methods: A case-control study was conducted in 10 European countries. Cases were cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx, larynx and esophagus, and hospital or population controls were age and sex matched. Results: There were 356 cases younger than 50 years and 419 controls. Risk was strongly related to current smoking [odds ratio (OR) 5.5 95%; confidence interval (CI) (3.3, 9.2)], and risk increased with number of pack-years smoked. Risk was also related to alcohol consumption for both current (OR 1.8; 0.97, 3.3) and past (OR 3.4; 1.6, 7.4) drinkers, and risk increased with number of drink-years. Persons frequently consuming fruits and vegetables were at significantly reduced risk. Conclusions: Risk factors already identified as being important for UADT cancers in adults are also important influences on risk in younger adults. The implication of these results is that the public health message in preventing UADT cancers remains the same to young and old alike.
AB - Background: The incidence of cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) is increasing throughout the world. To date the increases have been proportionally greatest among young people. Several reports have suggested that they often do not have a history of tobacco smoking or heavy alcohol consumption. Objective: To determine the contribution of lifestyle factors to the etiology of UADT cancers occurring in those aged less than 50 years. Methods: A case-control study was conducted in 10 European countries. Cases were cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx, larynx and esophagus, and hospital or population controls were age and sex matched. Results: There were 356 cases younger than 50 years and 419 controls. Risk was strongly related to current smoking [odds ratio (OR) 5.5 95%; confidence interval (CI) (3.3, 9.2)], and risk increased with number of pack-years smoked. Risk was also related to alcohol consumption for both current (OR 1.8; 0.97, 3.3) and past (OR 3.4; 1.6, 7.4) drinkers, and risk increased with number of drink-years. Persons frequently consuming fruits and vegetables were at significantly reduced risk. Conclusions: Risk factors already identified as being important for UADT cancers in adults are also important influences on risk in younger adults. The implication of these results is that the public health message in preventing UADT cancers remains the same to young and old alike.
KW - Alcohol
KW - Cancer
KW - Diet
KW - Epidemiology
KW - Larynx
KW - Oral
KW - Pharynx
KW - Tobacco
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U2 - 10.1007/s10552-010-9641-3
DO - 10.1007/s10552-010-9641-3
M3 - Article
C2 - 20835759
AN - SCOPUS:78751575496
VL - 21
SP - 2213
EP - 2221
JO - Cancer Causes and Control
JF - Cancer Causes and Control
SN - 0957-5243
IS - 12
ER -