Le vie biliari nel trapianto di fegato: "Il tallone d'Achille"

Biliary complications after liver transplantation have been defined as the Achilles' heel of that surgical discipline, reflecting the fact that they are the leading cause of postoperative morbidity. They include biliary strictures, fistulas, stones, casts, and biliary sphincter of Oddi dysfunction. Advances in digestive endoscopy and interventional radiology have significantly reduced the need for surgery to treat these complications. As a result, a multidisciplinary approach, involving hepatologists, endoscopists, surgeons, and interventional radiologists is required to successfully treat patients affected with these complications.