TY - JOUR
T1 - The brief assessment of cognition in affective disorders
T2 - Normative data for the Italian population
AU - GecoBip Group
AU - Rossetti, Maria Gloria
AU - Bonivento, Carolina
AU - Garzitto, Marco
AU - Caletti, Elisabetta
AU - Perlini, Cinzia
AU - Piccin, Sara
AU - Lazzaretti, Matteo
AU - Marinelli, Veronica
AU - Sala, Michela
AU - Abbiati, Vera
AU - Rossi, Roberta
AU - Lanfredi, Mariangela
AU - Serretti, Alessandro
AU - Porcelli, Stefano
AU - Bellani, Marcella
AU - Brambilla, Paolo
PY - 2019/6/1
Y1 - 2019/6/1
N2 - Background: To date there are no validated tests in Italian to assess cognitive functions in Bipolar Disorder. Therefore, this study aimed to provide normative data for the Italian version of the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Affective Disorders (BAC-A), a battery targeting neuro- and affective-cognition in affective disorders. Methods: Data were collected from 228 healthy participants (age range: 18–67; mean age: 34.68 ± 12.15 years) across eight recruiting sites. The influence of age, sex and education was measured and adjusted for using multivariate stepwise regression models. Normative values were established by means of the Equivalent Score approach. Results: Most of the BAC-A subtests showed patterns of association with age (inversely associated with overall cognitive performance), education (positively associated with Verbal Memory and Fluency, Digit Sequencing and Affective Processing subtests) and sex (females performed better than males in the Affective Interference Test but worse in the Emotion Inhibition Task, Digit Sequencing and Tower of London). Limitations: The sample size was not sufficiently large for developing stratified norms, using 10-years ranges. Moreover, the participants included in the study were, on average, highly educated. Conclusions: The normative data of the BAC-A provided in this study can serve as a cognitive functioning reference for Italian-speaking participants within the age range of the study sample. This can increase the applicability of this test in both clinical and research settings. The reliability and validity of the Italian BAC-A need to be further investigated.
AB - Background: To date there are no validated tests in Italian to assess cognitive functions in Bipolar Disorder. Therefore, this study aimed to provide normative data for the Italian version of the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Affective Disorders (BAC-A), a battery targeting neuro- and affective-cognition in affective disorders. Methods: Data were collected from 228 healthy participants (age range: 18–67; mean age: 34.68 ± 12.15 years) across eight recruiting sites. The influence of age, sex and education was measured and adjusted for using multivariate stepwise regression models. Normative values were established by means of the Equivalent Score approach. Results: Most of the BAC-A subtests showed patterns of association with age (inversely associated with overall cognitive performance), education (positively associated with Verbal Memory and Fluency, Digit Sequencing and Affective Processing subtests) and sex (females performed better than males in the Affective Interference Test but worse in the Emotion Inhibition Task, Digit Sequencing and Tower of London). Limitations: The sample size was not sufficiently large for developing stratified norms, using 10-years ranges. Moreover, the participants included in the study were, on average, highly educated. Conclusions: The normative data of the BAC-A provided in this study can serve as a cognitive functioning reference for Italian-speaking participants within the age range of the study sample. This can increase the applicability of this test in both clinical and research settings. The reliability and validity of the Italian BAC-A need to be further investigated.
KW - BAC-A
KW - Bipolar disorder
KW - Cognition
KW - Neuropsychology
KW - Psychological testing
KW - Validation
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.063
DO - 10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.063
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85064153175
VL - 252
SP - 245
EP - 252
JO - Journal of Affective Disorders
JF - Journal of Affective Disorders
SN - 0165-0327
ER -