TY - JOUR
T1 - The distinct roles of monoamines in multiple sclerosis
T2 - A bridge between the immune and nervous systems?
AU - Carandini, Tiziana
AU - Cercignani, Mara
AU - Galimberti, Daniela
AU - Scarpini, Elio
AU - Bozzali, Marco
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was funded in part by a grant from the Italian Ministry of Health ( RF-2013-02358409 ).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier Inc.
PY - 2021/5
Y1 - 2021/5
N2 - The monoaminergic neurotransmitters dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin are pivotal actors of the interplay between the nervous and the immune system due to their ability of binding to cell-receptors of both systems, crucially regulating their function within the central nervous system and the periphery. As monoamines are dysfunctional in many neurological and psychiatric diseases, they have been successfully used as pharmacological targets. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the best examples of neurological disease caused by an altered interaction between the nervous and immune system and emerging evidence supports a dysregulation of monoaminergic systems in the pathogenesis of MS, secondary to both inflammation-induced reduction of monoamines’ synthesis and structural damage to monoaminergic pathways within the brain. Here we review the evidence for monoamines being key mediators of neuroimmune interaction, affecting MS pathogenesis and course. Moreover, we discuss how the reduction/dysfunction of monoamines in MS may contribute to some clinical features typical of the disease, particularly fatigue and depression. Finally, we summarize different drugs targeting monoamines that are currently under evaluation for their potential efficacy to treat MS, as well as to alleviate fatigue and depression in MS.
AB - The monoaminergic neurotransmitters dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin are pivotal actors of the interplay between the nervous and the immune system due to their ability of binding to cell-receptors of both systems, crucially regulating their function within the central nervous system and the periphery. As monoamines are dysfunctional in many neurological and psychiatric diseases, they have been successfully used as pharmacological targets. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the best examples of neurological disease caused by an altered interaction between the nervous and immune system and emerging evidence supports a dysregulation of monoaminergic systems in the pathogenesis of MS, secondary to both inflammation-induced reduction of monoamines’ synthesis and structural damage to monoaminergic pathways within the brain. Here we review the evidence for monoamines being key mediators of neuroimmune interaction, affecting MS pathogenesis and course. Moreover, we discuss how the reduction/dysfunction of monoamines in MS may contribute to some clinical features typical of the disease, particularly fatigue and depression. Finally, we summarize different drugs targeting monoamines that are currently under evaluation for their potential efficacy to treat MS, as well as to alleviate fatigue and depression in MS.
KW - Depression
KW - Dopamine
KW - Fatigue
KW - Monoamines
KW - Multiple Sclerosis
KW - Neuroimmunology
KW - Noradrenaline
KW - Serotonin
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U2 - 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.02.030
DO - 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.02.030
M3 - Review article
C2 - 33662501
AN - SCOPUS:85102070629
VL - 94
SP - 381
EP - 391
JO - Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
JF - Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
SN - 0889-1591
ER -