Abstract
Objective: Most studies on tobacco smoking have focused on daily-smokers. Occasional smokers, who have never smoked daily, have often been included in the reference group of never-smokers. We have investigated the association between occasional smoking and cancer of the bladder, kidney, pancreas, upper aero-digestive tract and lung. Methods: The study population consisted of 158,488 persons, who provided information on occasional smoking, within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), 780 of whom developed a smoking-related cancer. We used Cox proportional hazard model, stratified by gender and country to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRR) for smoking-related cancers. Results: The results suggest that occasional smokers have a higher risk of bladder cancer (IRR: 1.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93-3.98) and of the major smoking-related cancers combined (IRR: 1.24, 95% CI 0.80-1.94) than true never-smokers. Including occasional smokers in the reference group resulted in a lower risk estimate for former and current smokers. Conclusions: Occasional smoking should be discouraged.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 1305-1309 |
| Number of pages | 5 |
| Journal | Cancer Causes and Control |
| Volume | 17 |
| Issue number | 10 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Dec 2006 |
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Keywords
- Cancer
- Cohort Study
- Epidemiology
- Tobacco smoke
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Oncology
- Epidemiology
- Cancer Research
Cite this
The effect of occasional smoking on smoking-related cancers : In the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). / Bjerregaard, Bine Kjøller; Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole; Sørensen, Mette; Frederiksen, Kirsten; Tjønneland, Anne; Rohrmann, Sabine; Linseisen, Jakob; Bergman, Manuela M.; Boeing, Heiner; Sieri, Sabina; Palli, Domenico; Tumino, Rosario; Sacerdote, Carlotta; Bueno-De-Mesquita, H. Bas; Büchner, Frederike L.; Gram, Inger Torhild; Braaten, Tonje; Lund, Eiliv; Hallmans, Göran; Ågren, Åsa; Riboli, Elio.
In: Cancer Causes and Control, Vol. 17, No. 10, 12.2006, p. 1305-1309.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - The effect of occasional smoking on smoking-related cancers
T2 - In the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)
AU - Bjerregaard, Bine Kjøller
AU - Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole
AU - Sørensen, Mette
AU - Frederiksen, Kirsten
AU - Tjønneland, Anne
AU - Rohrmann, Sabine
AU - Linseisen, Jakob
AU - Bergman, Manuela M.
AU - Boeing, Heiner
AU - Sieri, Sabina
AU - Palli, Domenico
AU - Tumino, Rosario
AU - Sacerdote, Carlotta
AU - Bueno-De-Mesquita, H. Bas
AU - Büchner, Frederike L.
AU - Gram, Inger Torhild
AU - Braaten, Tonje
AU - Lund, Eiliv
AU - Hallmans, Göran
AU - Ågren, Åsa
AU - Riboli, Elio
PY - 2006/12
Y1 - 2006/12
N2 - Objective: Most studies on tobacco smoking have focused on daily-smokers. Occasional smokers, who have never smoked daily, have often been included in the reference group of never-smokers. We have investigated the association between occasional smoking and cancer of the bladder, kidney, pancreas, upper aero-digestive tract and lung. Methods: The study population consisted of 158,488 persons, who provided information on occasional smoking, within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), 780 of whom developed a smoking-related cancer. We used Cox proportional hazard model, stratified by gender and country to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRR) for smoking-related cancers. Results: The results suggest that occasional smokers have a higher risk of bladder cancer (IRR: 1.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93-3.98) and of the major smoking-related cancers combined (IRR: 1.24, 95% CI 0.80-1.94) than true never-smokers. Including occasional smokers in the reference group resulted in a lower risk estimate for former and current smokers. Conclusions: Occasional smoking should be discouraged.
AB - Objective: Most studies on tobacco smoking have focused on daily-smokers. Occasional smokers, who have never smoked daily, have often been included in the reference group of never-smokers. We have investigated the association between occasional smoking and cancer of the bladder, kidney, pancreas, upper aero-digestive tract and lung. Methods: The study population consisted of 158,488 persons, who provided information on occasional smoking, within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), 780 of whom developed a smoking-related cancer. We used Cox proportional hazard model, stratified by gender and country to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRR) for smoking-related cancers. Results: The results suggest that occasional smokers have a higher risk of bladder cancer (IRR: 1.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93-3.98) and of the major smoking-related cancers combined (IRR: 1.24, 95% CI 0.80-1.94) than true never-smokers. Including occasional smokers in the reference group resulted in a lower risk estimate for former and current smokers. Conclusions: Occasional smoking should be discouraged.
KW - Cancer
KW - Cohort Study
KW - Epidemiology
KW - Tobacco smoke
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=33751113283&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=33751113283&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s10552-006-0068-9
DO - 10.1007/s10552-006-0068-9
M3 - Article
VL - 17
SP - 1305
EP - 1309
JO - Cancer Causes and Control
JF - Cancer Causes and Control
SN - 0957-5243
IS - 10
ER -