TY - JOUR
T1 - The H₂S Donor GYY4137 Stimulates Reactive Oxygen Species Generation in BV2 Cells While Suppressing the Secretion of TNF and Nitric Oxide
AU - Lazarević, Milica
AU - Mazzon, Emanuela
AU - Momčilović, Miljana
AU - Basile, Maria Sofia
AU - Colletti, Giuseppe
AU - Petralia, Maria Cristina
AU - Bramanti, Placido
AU - Nicoletti, Ferdinando
AU - Miljković, Đorđe
PY - 2018/11/14
Y1 - 2018/11/14
N2 - GYY4137 is a hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) donor that has been shown to act in an anti-inflammatory manner in vitro and in vivo. Microglial cells are among the major players in immunoinflammatory, degenerative, and neoplastic disorders of the central nervous system, including multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and glioblastoma multiforme. So far, the effects of GYY4137 on microglial cells have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, BV2 microglial cells were stimulated with interferon-gamma and lipopolysaccharide and treated with GYY4137. The agent did not influence the viability of BV2 cells in concentrations up to 200 μM. It inhibited tumor necrosis factor but not interleukin-6 production. Expression of CD40 and CD86 were reduced under the influence of the donor. The phagocytic ability of BV2 cells and nitric oxide production were also affected by the agent. Surprisingly, GYY4137 upregulated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by BV2 cells. The effect was mimicked by another H₂S donor, Na₂S, and it was not reproduced in macrophages. Our results demonstrate that GYY4137 downregulates inflammatory properties of BV2 cells but increases their ability to generate ROS. Further investigation of this unexpected phenomenon is warranted.
AB - GYY4137 is a hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) donor that has been shown to act in an anti-inflammatory manner in vitro and in vivo. Microglial cells are among the major players in immunoinflammatory, degenerative, and neoplastic disorders of the central nervous system, including multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and glioblastoma multiforme. So far, the effects of GYY4137 on microglial cells have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, BV2 microglial cells were stimulated with interferon-gamma and lipopolysaccharide and treated with GYY4137. The agent did not influence the viability of BV2 cells in concentrations up to 200 μM. It inhibited tumor necrosis factor but not interleukin-6 production. Expression of CD40 and CD86 were reduced under the influence of the donor. The phagocytic ability of BV2 cells and nitric oxide production were also affected by the agent. Surprisingly, GYY4137 upregulated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by BV2 cells. The effect was mimicked by another H₂S donor, Na₂S, and it was not reproduced in macrophages. Our results demonstrate that GYY4137 downregulates inflammatory properties of BV2 cells but increases their ability to generate ROS. Further investigation of this unexpected phenomenon is warranted.
KW - Animals
KW - Cell Line
KW - Cytokines/metabolism
KW - Microglia/drug effects
KW - Morpholines/pharmacology
KW - Nitric Oxide/metabolism
KW - Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism
KW - Organothiophosphorus Compounds/pharmacology
KW - Phagocytosis
KW - Phenotype
KW - Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
U2 - 10.3390/molecules23112966
DO - 10.3390/molecules23112966
M3 - Article
C2 - 30441775
VL - 23
JO - Molecules
JF - Molecules
SN - 1420-3049
IS - 11
ER -