Abstract
The pathogenesis of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is still enigmatic, largely because its tumor cells, the so-called Hodgkin and Reed-Stenberg (HRS) cells, invariably reside in a prominent reactive microenvironment, are rare and therefore difficult to analyze. On the other hand, the broadly investigated cHL-derived cell lines are not unequivocally considered as suitable and representative models for this puzzling disease. Based on current knowledge, it appears that the cross talk between the tumor cells and the reactive infiltrate of the microenvironment is complex and that multiple mechanisms occur, making cHL a very heterogeneous disease. In 20-40% of cHL cases, HRS cells carry a monoclonal infection by Epstein Barr virus (EBV), which is considered a tumor-initiating factor. In these cases, EBV shows a latency type II infection pattern with the expression of latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1), a viral oncoprotein that mimics CD40 activation. This scenario is particularly intriguing for the pathogenesis of cHL arising in HIV-infected patients, which, for still obscure reasons, is invariably EBV-associated with LMP-1 expression in HRS cells. Recent evidences are consistent with the occurrence of different pathogenic pathways variably triggered by virus infections (EBV and HIV), genetic alterations, and interactions with critical microenvironmental components. This review focuses on the different microenvironmental niches that characterize cHL of the general population as well as cases of HIV-infected patients. A more comprehensive understanding of the complex interplay existing between HRS and tumor microenvironment is pivotal for the development of more effective treatments, particularly for relapsed or refractory diseases.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal | International Journal of Cancer |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 2017 |
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Keywords
- Classical Hodgkin lymphoma
- EBV-associated Hodgkin lymphoma
- HIV-associated Hodgkin lymphoma
- Hodgkin lymphoma
- Microenvironment
- Pathogenesis
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Medicine(all)
- Oncology
- Cancer Research
Cite this
The impact of EBV and HIV infection on the microenvironmental niche underlying Hodgkin lymphoma pathogenesis. / Carbone, Antonino; Gloghini, Annunziata; Caruso, Arnaldo; De Paoli, Paolo; Dolcetti, Riccardo.
In: International Journal of Cancer, 2017.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - The impact of EBV and HIV infection on the microenvironmental niche underlying Hodgkin lymphoma pathogenesis
AU - Carbone, Antonino
AU - Gloghini, Annunziata
AU - Caruso, Arnaldo
AU - De Paoli, Paolo
AU - Dolcetti, Riccardo
PY - 2017
Y1 - 2017
N2 - The pathogenesis of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is still enigmatic, largely because its tumor cells, the so-called Hodgkin and Reed-Stenberg (HRS) cells, invariably reside in a prominent reactive microenvironment, are rare and therefore difficult to analyze. On the other hand, the broadly investigated cHL-derived cell lines are not unequivocally considered as suitable and representative models for this puzzling disease. Based on current knowledge, it appears that the cross talk between the tumor cells and the reactive infiltrate of the microenvironment is complex and that multiple mechanisms occur, making cHL a very heterogeneous disease. In 20-40% of cHL cases, HRS cells carry a monoclonal infection by Epstein Barr virus (EBV), which is considered a tumor-initiating factor. In these cases, EBV shows a latency type II infection pattern with the expression of latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1), a viral oncoprotein that mimics CD40 activation. This scenario is particularly intriguing for the pathogenesis of cHL arising in HIV-infected patients, which, for still obscure reasons, is invariably EBV-associated with LMP-1 expression in HRS cells. Recent evidences are consistent with the occurrence of different pathogenic pathways variably triggered by virus infections (EBV and HIV), genetic alterations, and interactions with critical microenvironmental components. This review focuses on the different microenvironmental niches that characterize cHL of the general population as well as cases of HIV-infected patients. A more comprehensive understanding of the complex interplay existing between HRS and tumor microenvironment is pivotal for the development of more effective treatments, particularly for relapsed or refractory diseases.
AB - The pathogenesis of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is still enigmatic, largely because its tumor cells, the so-called Hodgkin and Reed-Stenberg (HRS) cells, invariably reside in a prominent reactive microenvironment, are rare and therefore difficult to analyze. On the other hand, the broadly investigated cHL-derived cell lines are not unequivocally considered as suitable and representative models for this puzzling disease. Based on current knowledge, it appears that the cross talk between the tumor cells and the reactive infiltrate of the microenvironment is complex and that multiple mechanisms occur, making cHL a very heterogeneous disease. In 20-40% of cHL cases, HRS cells carry a monoclonal infection by Epstein Barr virus (EBV), which is considered a tumor-initiating factor. In these cases, EBV shows a latency type II infection pattern with the expression of latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1), a viral oncoprotein that mimics CD40 activation. This scenario is particularly intriguing for the pathogenesis of cHL arising in HIV-infected patients, which, for still obscure reasons, is invariably EBV-associated with LMP-1 expression in HRS cells. Recent evidences are consistent with the occurrence of different pathogenic pathways variably triggered by virus infections (EBV and HIV), genetic alterations, and interactions with critical microenvironmental components. This review focuses on the different microenvironmental niches that characterize cHL of the general population as well as cases of HIV-infected patients. A more comprehensive understanding of the complex interplay existing between HRS and tumor microenvironment is pivotal for the development of more effective treatments, particularly for relapsed or refractory diseases.
KW - Classical Hodgkin lymphoma
KW - EBV-associated Hodgkin lymphoma
KW - HIV-associated Hodgkin lymphoma
KW - Hodgkin lymphoma
KW - Microenvironment
KW - Pathogenesis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84999738069&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84999738069&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/ijc.30473
DO - 10.1002/ijc.30473
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84999738069
JO - International Journal of Cancer
JF - International Journal of Cancer
SN - 0020-7136
ER -