TY - JOUR
T1 - The impact of lockdown on sleep patterns of children and adolescents with ADHD
AU - Bruni, Oliviero
AU - Giallonardo, Martina
AU - Sacco, Roberto
AU - Ferri, Raffaele
AU - Melegari, Maria Grazia
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported in part by the Director’s Office of Energy Research, Office of Health and Environmental Research, U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098, and in part by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Contact No. DMR-8502502 and No. DMR-8806756.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 American Academy of Sleep Medicine. All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/9/1
Y1 - 2021/9/1
N2 - Study Objectives: The current study examined the impact of home confinement (lockdown) because of the COVID-19 pandemic on the sleep patterns of children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: Nine hundred ninety-two parents of children and adolescents with ADHD filled out an anonymous online survey through the ADHD family association website. The survey investigated the sleep patterns and disturbances (using a modified version of the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children) and screen exposure time before and during lockdown. Results: During lockdown, 59.3% of children and 69.4% of adolescents with ADHD reported a change of bedtime, with a significant increase in patients with ADHD who went to sleep at 11 PM or later. Sleep duration, in contrast, resulted in 2 opposing processes with more children and adolescents sleeping either less than 6 hours/night or 10-11 hours/night. Among children and adolescents, respectively, 19.9% and 22% slept less than they did before lockdown, whereas 21.4% and 27.4% slept for more hours. Bedtime delay and decreased sleep duration were associated with an increase in screen time exposure. Moreover, patients with ADHD reported an increase in sleep disturbances when compared to their previous condition, mainly including difficulties falling asleep, anxiety at bedtime, night awakenings, nightmares, and daytime sleepiness. Conclusions: Lockdown impacted sleep-wake rhythms by strengthening the maladaptive sleep patterns reported in usual-life conditions in children and adolescents with ADHD.
AB - Study Objectives: The current study examined the impact of home confinement (lockdown) because of the COVID-19 pandemic on the sleep patterns of children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: Nine hundred ninety-two parents of children and adolescents with ADHD filled out an anonymous online survey through the ADHD family association website. The survey investigated the sleep patterns and disturbances (using a modified version of the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children) and screen exposure time before and during lockdown. Results: During lockdown, 59.3% of children and 69.4% of adolescents with ADHD reported a change of bedtime, with a significant increase in patients with ADHD who went to sleep at 11 PM or later. Sleep duration, in contrast, resulted in 2 opposing processes with more children and adolescents sleeping either less than 6 hours/night or 10-11 hours/night. Among children and adolescents, respectively, 19.9% and 22% slept less than they did before lockdown, whereas 21.4% and 27.4% slept for more hours. Bedtime delay and decreased sleep duration were associated with an increase in screen time exposure. Moreover, patients with ADHD reported an increase in sleep disturbances when compared to their previous condition, mainly including difficulties falling asleep, anxiety at bedtime, night awakenings, nightmares, and daytime sleepiness. Conclusions: Lockdown impacted sleep-wake rhythms by strengthening the maladaptive sleep patterns reported in usual-life conditions in children and adolescents with ADHD.
KW - Adolescents
KW - Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorders
KW - Children
KW - COVID-19
KW - Sleep disorders
KW - Sleep-wake patterns
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U2 - 10.5664/jcsm.9296
DO - 10.5664/jcsm.9296
M3 - Article
C2 - 33792536
AN - SCOPUS:85113858273
VL - 17
SP - 1759
EP - 1765
JO - Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine
JF - Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine
SN - 1550-9389
IS - 9
ER -