Abstract
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) was firstly described in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but it was recognized also as a primary APS (PAPS) form. These forms are not always distinguishable, since they show some common clinical/serological manifestations. We actually may deal with: (1) patients initially classified as PAPS gradually developing SLE; (2) patients with SLE and associated APS, whose complications generally affect morbidity and mortality; (3) patients with SLE and positive antiphospholipid antibodies without APS manifestations; the relevant issue in such patients is to provide effective prophylaxis. The close relationship between PAPS and SLE is also supported by: (i) nuclear autoimmunity and (ii) complement activation at least in animal models of APS. Future studies on the genetic background and/or on regulatory suppressive mechanisms may clarify how and why PAPS can evolve into SLE.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 257-259 |
Number of pages | 3 |
Journal | Autoimmunity |
Volume | 42 |
Issue number | 4 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2009 |
Keywords
- ANA
- APL
- Primary prophylaxis
- SLE
- Thrombosis
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Immunology
- Immunology and Allergy