TY - JOUR
T1 - The Prevalence of Tuberous/Constricted Breast Deformity in Population and in Breast Augmentation and Reduction Mammaplasty Patients
AU - Klinger, Marco
AU - Caviggioli, Fabio
AU - Giannasi, Silvia
AU - Bandi, Valeria
AU - Banzatti, Barbara
AU - Veronesi, Alessandra
AU - Barbera, Federico
AU - Maione, Luca
AU - Catania, Barbara
AU - Vinci, Valeriano
AU - Lisa, Andrea
AU - Cornegliani, Guido
AU - Giaccone, Micol
AU - Siliprandi, Mattia
AU - Klinger, Francesco
PY - 2016/8/1
Y1 - 2016/8/1
N2 - Background: The exact prevalence of tuberous breast deformity (TBD) has not been properly investigated and still remains undetermined. We report our data about TBD prevalence with the aim of demonstrating its high prevalence. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on preoperative photographs of 1600 Caucasian female patients admitted to our department from January 2009 to July 2014 for augmentation or reduction mammaplasty and other breast clinical conditions. The main features of TBD included a contracted skin envelope, a reduction in breast parenchyma of the lower medial and lateral quadrants, a constricted breast base, abnormal elevation of the inframammary fold, herniation of the breast into the areola with a constricted breast base, and nipple areola complex herniation with a normal breast base. Patients were classified into three groups: breast augmentation group (AUG group), breast reduction group (RED group), and general population group (POP group). Results: Four hundred patients were analyzed for each group (AUG and RED group); 194 patients (48.5 %) and 189 cases (47.3 %), respectively, demonstrated at least one tuberous breast deformity; in 800 patients of the POP group, we found 221 patients (27.6 %) with at least one tuberous breast deformity. Conclusions: Retrospective analysis reveals a high prevalence of TBD in the general population and in particular in women seeking breast augmentation or breast reduction (about 50 %). TBD is characterized by a wide range of clinical features with a spectrum of degrees. Preoperative evaluation is crucial to achieve an optimum outcome and patient satisfaction. Level of Evidence II: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
AB - Background: The exact prevalence of tuberous breast deformity (TBD) has not been properly investigated and still remains undetermined. We report our data about TBD prevalence with the aim of demonstrating its high prevalence. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on preoperative photographs of 1600 Caucasian female patients admitted to our department from January 2009 to July 2014 for augmentation or reduction mammaplasty and other breast clinical conditions. The main features of TBD included a contracted skin envelope, a reduction in breast parenchyma of the lower medial and lateral quadrants, a constricted breast base, abnormal elevation of the inframammary fold, herniation of the breast into the areola with a constricted breast base, and nipple areola complex herniation with a normal breast base. Patients were classified into three groups: breast augmentation group (AUG group), breast reduction group (RED group), and general population group (POP group). Results: Four hundred patients were analyzed for each group (AUG and RED group); 194 patients (48.5 %) and 189 cases (47.3 %), respectively, demonstrated at least one tuberous breast deformity; in 800 patients of the POP group, we found 221 patients (27.6 %) with at least one tuberous breast deformity. Conclusions: Retrospective analysis reveals a high prevalence of TBD in the general population and in particular in women seeking breast augmentation or breast reduction (about 50 %). TBD is characterized by a wide range of clinical features with a spectrum of degrees. Preoperative evaluation is crucial to achieve an optimum outcome and patient satisfaction. Level of Evidence II: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
KW - Augmentation mammaplasty
KW - Constricted breast
KW - Prevalence
KW - Reduction mammaplasty
KW - Stenotic breast
KW - Tuberous breast deformity
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U2 - 10.1007/s00266-016-0650-9
DO - 10.1007/s00266-016-0650-9
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84978245849
VL - 40
SP - 492
EP - 496
JO - Aesthetic Plastic Surgery
JF - Aesthetic Plastic Surgery
SN - 0364-216X
IS - 4
ER -