TY - JOUR
T1 - The Role of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor in Alzheimer's Disease
T2 - Conventionally Pathogenetic or Unconventionally Protective?
AU - Petralia, Maria Cristina
AU - Battaglia, Giuseppe
AU - Bruno, Valeria
AU - Pennisi, Manuela
AU - Mangano, Katia
AU - Lombardo, Salvo Danilo
AU - Fagone, Paolo
AU - Cavalli, Eugenio
AU - Saraceno, Andrea
AU - Nicoletti, Ferdinando
AU - Basile, Maria Sofia
PY - 2020/1/10
Y1 - 2020/1/10
N2 - Recent preclinical and clinical observations have offered relevant insights on the etiopathogenesis of late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) and upregulated immunoinflammatory events have been described as underlying mechanisms involved in the development of AD. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine produced by several cells of the innate and adaptive immune system, as well as non-immune cells. In the present review, we highlight experimental, genetic, and clinical studies on MIF in rodent models of AD and AD patients, and we discuss emerging therapeutic opportunities for tailored modulation of the activity of MIF, that may potentially be applied to AD patients. Dismantling the exact role of MIF and its receptors in AD may offer novel diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities in AD.
AB - Recent preclinical and clinical observations have offered relevant insights on the etiopathogenesis of late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) and upregulated immunoinflammatory events have been described as underlying mechanisms involved in the development of AD. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine produced by several cells of the innate and adaptive immune system, as well as non-immune cells. In the present review, we highlight experimental, genetic, and clinical studies on MIF in rodent models of AD and AD patients, and we discuss emerging therapeutic opportunities for tailored modulation of the activity of MIF, that may potentially be applied to AD patients. Dismantling the exact role of MIF and its receptors in AD may offer novel diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities in AD.
KW - Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis
KW - Animals
KW - Disease Models, Animal
KW - Humans
KW - Intramolecular Oxidoreductases/genetics
KW - Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors/genetics
KW - Macrophages
KW - Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
KW - Rodentia
KW - Up-Regulation/immunology
U2 - 10.3390/molecules25020291
DO - 10.3390/molecules25020291
M3 - Review article
C2 - 31936865
VL - 25
JO - Molecules
JF - Molecules
SN - 1420-3049
IS - 2
ER -