TY - JOUR
T1 - The roles of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in pregnancy, lactation and infancy
T2 - Review of current knowledge and consensus recommendations
AU - Koletzko, Berthold
AU - Lien, Eric
AU - Agostoni, Carlo
AU - Böhles, Hansjosef
AU - Campoy, Cristina
AU - Cetin, Irene
AU - Decsi, Tamas
AU - Dudenhausen, Joachim W.
AU - Dupont, Cristophe
AU - Forsyth, Stewart
AU - Hoesli, Irene
AU - Holzgreve, Wolfgang
AU - Lapillonne, Alexandre
AU - Putet, Guy
AU - Secher, Niels J.
AU - Symonds, Mike
AU - Szajewska, Hania
AU - Willatts, Peter
AU - Uauy, Ricardo
PY - 2008/1/1
Y1 - 2008/1/1
N2 - This paper reviews current knowledge on the role of the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3) and arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6), in maternal and term infant nutrition as well as infant development. Consensus recommendations and practice guidelines for health-care providers supported by the World Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Early Nutrition Academy, and the Child Health Foundation are provided. The fetus and neonate should receive LC-PUFA in amounts sufficient to support optimal visual and cognitive development. Moreover, the consumption of oils rich in n-3 LC-PUFA during pregnancy reduces the risk for early premature birth. Pregnant and lactating women should aim to achieve an average daily intake of at least 200 mg DHA. For healthy term infants, we recommend and fully endorse breastfeeding, which supplies preformed LC-PUFA, as the preferred method of feeding. When breastfeeding is not possible, we recommend use of an infant formula providing DHA at levels between 0.2 and 0.5 weight percent of total fat, and with the minimum amount of AA equivalent to the contents of DHA. Dietary LC-PUFA supply should continue after the first six months of life, but currently there is not sufficient information for quantitative recommendations.
AB - This paper reviews current knowledge on the role of the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3) and arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6), in maternal and term infant nutrition as well as infant development. Consensus recommendations and practice guidelines for health-care providers supported by the World Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Early Nutrition Academy, and the Child Health Foundation are provided. The fetus and neonate should receive LC-PUFA in amounts sufficient to support optimal visual and cognitive development. Moreover, the consumption of oils rich in n-3 LC-PUFA during pregnancy reduces the risk for early premature birth. Pregnant and lactating women should aim to achieve an average daily intake of at least 200 mg DHA. For healthy term infants, we recommend and fully endorse breastfeeding, which supplies preformed LC-PUFA, as the preferred method of feeding. When breastfeeding is not possible, we recommend use of an infant formula providing DHA at levels between 0.2 and 0.5 weight percent of total fat, and with the minimum amount of AA equivalent to the contents of DHA. Dietary LC-PUFA supply should continue after the first six months of life, but currently there is not sufficient information for quantitative recommendations.
KW - Alpha-linolenic acid
KW - Arachidonic acid
KW - Docosahexaenoic acid
KW - Eicosapentaenoic acid
KW - Infant nutrition
KW - Linoleic acid
KW - Maternal health
KW - Maternal nutrition
KW - Perinatal development
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U2 - 10.1515/JPM.2008.001
DO - 10.1515/JPM.2008.001
M3 - Article
C2 - 18184094
AN - SCOPUS:38049162118
VL - 36
SP - 5
EP - 14
JO - Journal of Perinatal Medicine
JF - Journal of Perinatal Medicine
SN - 0300-5577
IS - 1
ER -