TY - JOUR
T1 - The Verbal Judgement Task
T2 - Normative data of verbal abstract reasoning in a sample of 18- to 40-years old
AU - Palmiero, Massimiliano
AU - Di Vita, Antonella
AU - Teghil, Alice
AU - Piccardi, Laura
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020, © 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Copyright:
Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2020
Y1 - 2020
N2 - In this study, normative data for the age-range 18–40 years have been provided for the Verbal Judgment Test (VJT), which underpins abstract reasoning on the basis of four subtests: “Differences”, “Proverbs”, “Absurdities” and “Classifications”. 554 participants (280 males and 274 females) were recruited and the following data were provided: means and standard deviations divided by gender, educational level (8, 13 and 18 years) and age group (18–20 years, 21–25 years, 26–30 years, 31–35 years and 36–40 years) for each subtest and the total score; percentiles for each subtest, divided by age group, and, when appropriate, educational level and/or gender; Rho correlations between age group, gender, educational level, intelligence and VJT scores. Age-, education- and gender differences were also assessed carrying out non parametric tests. Results showed that age and education positively affected performance in the subtests of Differences, Proverbs and Classifications, which are mostly based on previous knowledge, experience, and crystallized intelligence, but did not affect performance in the Absurdities subtest, which encompasses to some extent fluid intelligence. In addition, males showed higher scores than females in the subtests of Differences and Proverbs and in the total VJT, probably reflecting higher knowledge acquisition. Implications for future research are briefly discussed.
AB - In this study, normative data for the age-range 18–40 years have been provided for the Verbal Judgment Test (VJT), which underpins abstract reasoning on the basis of four subtests: “Differences”, “Proverbs”, “Absurdities” and “Classifications”. 554 participants (280 males and 274 females) were recruited and the following data were provided: means and standard deviations divided by gender, educational level (8, 13 and 18 years) and age group (18–20 years, 21–25 years, 26–30 years, 31–35 years and 36–40 years) for each subtest and the total score; percentiles for each subtest, divided by age group, and, when appropriate, educational level and/or gender; Rho correlations between age group, gender, educational level, intelligence and VJT scores. Age-, education- and gender differences were also assessed carrying out non parametric tests. Results showed that age and education positively affected performance in the subtests of Differences, Proverbs and Classifications, which are mostly based on previous knowledge, experience, and crystallized intelligence, but did not affect performance in the Absurdities subtest, which encompasses to some extent fluid intelligence. In addition, males showed higher scores than females in the subtests of Differences and Proverbs and in the total VJT, probably reflecting higher knowledge acquisition. Implications for future research are briefly discussed.
KW - Abstract reasoning
KW - age
KW - crystallized intelligence
KW - education
KW - fluid intelligence
KW - gender differences
KW - verbal ability
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U2 - 10.1080/23279095.2020.1789986
DO - 10.1080/23279095.2020.1789986
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85087908814
SP - 1
EP - 8
JO - Applied neuropsychology. Adult
JF - Applied neuropsychology. Adult
SN - 2327-9095
ER -