Abstract
Nasolabial morphology was assessed 3-dimensionally in 28 subjects with Down syndrome aged 12-45 years and in 449 sex-and age-matched controls. Subject and reference data were compared by computing z scores and calculating Student's t tests. The nose was significantly smaller (volume, area) in the subjects with Down syndrome than in the reference subjects, and it had a different shape (more flat angle of alar slope, more acute nasal tip angle). The vertical (length of the nasal bridge, height of the nose) and anteroposterior (nasal tip protrusion) dimensions were reduced, while the horizontal dimensions (alar base width, superior and inferior widths of the nostrils) were increased. The lower lip was significantly smaller (volume, area, vermilion height), while the upper lip was larger (area, vermilion height) in the subjects with Down syndrome. The mouth width was also significantly smaller. In conclusion, the analyzed subjects with Down syndrome had a hypoplastic nose and different upper and lower lips than reference, normal subjects.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 577-583 |
| Number of pages | 7 |
| Journal | Annals of Plastic Surgery |
| Volume | 53 |
| Issue number | 6 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Dec 2004 |
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Keywords
- Down syndrome
- Face
- Morphology
- Soft tissues
- Three-dimensional
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Surgery
Cite this
Three-dimensional assessment of nose and lip morphology in subjects with Down syndrome. / Ferrario, Virgilio F.; Dellavia, Claudia; Colombo, Anna; Sforza, Chiarella.
In: Annals of Plastic Surgery, Vol. 53, No. 6, 12.2004, p. 577-583.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Three-dimensional assessment of nose and lip morphology in subjects with Down syndrome
AU - Ferrario, Virgilio F.
AU - Dellavia, Claudia
AU - Colombo, Anna
AU - Sforza, Chiarella
PY - 2004/12
Y1 - 2004/12
N2 - Nasolabial morphology was assessed 3-dimensionally in 28 subjects with Down syndrome aged 12-45 years and in 449 sex-and age-matched controls. Subject and reference data were compared by computing z scores and calculating Student's t tests. The nose was significantly smaller (volume, area) in the subjects with Down syndrome than in the reference subjects, and it had a different shape (more flat angle of alar slope, more acute nasal tip angle). The vertical (length of the nasal bridge, height of the nose) and anteroposterior (nasal tip protrusion) dimensions were reduced, while the horizontal dimensions (alar base width, superior and inferior widths of the nostrils) were increased. The lower lip was significantly smaller (volume, area, vermilion height), while the upper lip was larger (area, vermilion height) in the subjects with Down syndrome. The mouth width was also significantly smaller. In conclusion, the analyzed subjects with Down syndrome had a hypoplastic nose and different upper and lower lips than reference, normal subjects.
AB - Nasolabial morphology was assessed 3-dimensionally in 28 subjects with Down syndrome aged 12-45 years and in 449 sex-and age-matched controls. Subject and reference data were compared by computing z scores and calculating Student's t tests. The nose was significantly smaller (volume, area) in the subjects with Down syndrome than in the reference subjects, and it had a different shape (more flat angle of alar slope, more acute nasal tip angle). The vertical (length of the nasal bridge, height of the nose) and anteroposterior (nasal tip protrusion) dimensions were reduced, while the horizontal dimensions (alar base width, superior and inferior widths of the nostrils) were increased. The lower lip was significantly smaller (volume, area, vermilion height), while the upper lip was larger (area, vermilion height) in the subjects with Down syndrome. The mouth width was also significantly smaller. In conclusion, the analyzed subjects with Down syndrome had a hypoplastic nose and different upper and lower lips than reference, normal subjects.
KW - Down syndrome
KW - Face
KW - Morphology
KW - Soft tissues
KW - Three-dimensional
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=9444270395&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=9444270395&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1097/01.sap.0000130702.51499.6b
DO - 10.1097/01.sap.0000130702.51499.6b
M3 - Article
VL - 53
SP - 577
EP - 583
JO - Annals of Plastic Surgery
JF - Annals of Plastic Surgery
SN - 0148-7043
IS - 6
ER -