TY - JOUR
T1 - Thyroid cancer management
T2 - From a suspicious nodule to targeted therapy
AU - Perri, Francesco
AU - Giordano, Antonio
AU - Pisconti, Salvatore
AU - Ionna, Franco
AU - Chiofalo, Maria G.
AU - Longo, Francesco
AU - Leopardo, Davide
AU - Della Vittoria Scarpati, Giuseppina
AU - Pezzullo, Luciano
PY - 2018/1/1
Y1 - 2018/1/1
N2 - Thyroid nodules are very common, and their frequency is four to five times higher in women than in men. Most of them are benign, with only a very little percentage revealing a malignant neoplasm. About 50% of thyroid nodules are detected by self-palpation of neck, whereas the other 50% are diagnosed by neck ultrasonography and following fine-needle aspiration. Management of thyroid nodules is very difficult, because benign nodules are prevalent, whereas thyroid carcinoma is uncommon, representing only 1% of all malignancies. A standard diagnostic approach is represented by 'first-level' exams, consisting in neck ultrasonography and serum thyroid-stimulating hormone measurement, followed, only for nodules that are suspicious of malignancy, by 'second-level' exams, consisting of fine-needle aspiration and mutational test, which does detect particular DNA mutations present only in malignant cells. In this review, we will analyze the genetics of thyroid cancer and its heterogeneity, and we will briefly describe the current available diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
AB - Thyroid nodules are very common, and their frequency is four to five times higher in women than in men. Most of them are benign, with only a very little percentage revealing a malignant neoplasm. About 50% of thyroid nodules are detected by self-palpation of neck, whereas the other 50% are diagnosed by neck ultrasonography and following fine-needle aspiration. Management of thyroid nodules is very difficult, because benign nodules are prevalent, whereas thyroid carcinoma is uncommon, representing only 1% of all malignancies. A standard diagnostic approach is represented by 'first-level' exams, consisting in neck ultrasonography and serum thyroid-stimulating hormone measurement, followed, only for nodules that are suspicious of malignancy, by 'second-level' exams, consisting of fine-needle aspiration and mutational test, which does detect particular DNA mutations present only in malignant cells. In this review, we will analyze the genetics of thyroid cancer and its heterogeneity, and we will briefly describe the current available diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
KW - Anaplastic
KW - follicular
KW - medullary
KW - papillary
KW - radioiodine therapy
KW - targeted therapy
KW - thyroid carcinoma
KW - thyroid nodule
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85047600878&partnerID=8YFLogxK
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U2 - 10.1097/CAD.0000000000000617
DO - 10.1097/CAD.0000000000000617
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85047600878
VL - 29
SP - 483
EP - 490
JO - Anti-Cancer Drugs
JF - Anti-Cancer Drugs
SN - 0959-4973
IS - 6
ER -